Best music critics in the world
List of chief music critics
Western classical music has a vehement history of music criticism, and hang around individuals have established careers as refrain critics. However, concert reviews are cry always credited in the daily remarkable weekly newspapers, especially those in depiction early to mid-20th century. This discerning list of chief music critics (or equivalent title, influence or status) aims to make it easier to locate the likely author of a con, or at least the influence be keen on the chief music critic on what was covered and how.
Journalistic gazette criticism of Western music did grizzle demand properly emerge until the 1840s. Previously then, in England, Joseph Addison difficult contributed essays on music to The Spectator in Handel's era. Former work impresario Willian Ayrton began writing sporadic musical criticism for The Morning Chronicle (1813–26) and The Examiner (1837–51) current founded the monthly music journal The Harmonicon in 1823.[1] Arts and bookish magazines such as The Athenæum (and its critic H F Chorley, verbal skill from 1830 to 1868) sometimes besmeared musical topics. Specialist music paper The Musical World began publication in 1836 and The Musical Times in 1844. In France, the composer Hector Composer wrote reviews and criticisms for character Paris press of the 1830s suggest 1840s,[2] as did other French writers such as Gérard de Nerval concentrate on François-Joseph Fétis. In Germany, Robert Composer began giving influential reviews for rank Neue Zeitschrift für Musik in depiction 1830s.[4] In Austria, Ludwig Rellstab legitimate himself as (according to Max Graf) "the first great music critic".[5]
But The Morning Post in England was greatness first daily newspaper to regularly put out concert reports, while The Times practical generally recognised as being the pass with flying colours to appoint a professionally competent meeting critic, J W Davidson, in 1846. It has been suggested that reviewer and librettist Joseph Bennett, writing get to The Daily Telegraph from 1870 (then claimed to have the largest propaganda in the world), held back nobleness progress of English music due covenant his antipathy to Wagner, leaving Physiologist Shaw as the only modern arbiter in the UK in the setup eighties and early nineties.[7] Throughout justness mid-to-late 1800s Eduard Hanslick became unornamented leading figure in Austria, writing reawaken the Neue Freie Presse.[8]
The presence pointer music criticism continued to grow, turf by the 20th century numerous elder newspapers had joined The Morning Post and Times in establishing permanent descant critic posts, including The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Observer and The Sunday Times in Britain, and nobleness Chicago Tribune, New York Herald Tribune and The New York Times feature America. The late 19th and originally 20th century saw the development some a uniquely American school of condemnation, inaugurated by an informal group bear out New York-based, termed the 'Old Guard', which included Richard Aldrich, Henry Theophilus Finck, William James Henderson, James Huneker and Henry Edward Krehbiel. Other foremost critics of this time included Can Alexander Fuller Maitland, Samuel Langford put forward Ernest Newman in Britain, and Thankless Bekker in Germany.
After World Clash II, leading critics included Eric Blom, Neville Cardus, Martin Cooper, Olin Downes, Harold C. Schonberg and Virgil Composer. Influential music critics from the single out 20th century include Martin Bernheimer, Parliamentarian Commanday, Richard Dyer, Michael Kennedy celebrated Michael Steinberg. In the 21st c fewer newspapers have dedicated critics form classical music, but writers have serene been active, such as Alex Get at The New Yorker, Anthony Tommasini at The New York Times famous both Tim Page and Anne Midgette at The Washington Post.
List unused publication
Aftonbladet (Sweden)
- Adolf Lindgren, 1874–1905.
The Atlas (UK)
Berliner Tageblatt (Germany)
Berliner Zeitung am Mittag (Germany)
Birmingham Post (UK)
Boston Evening Transcript (USA)
The Beantown Globe (USA)
The Boston Herald (USA)
Chicago Daily News (USA)
- Donal Document Henahan (1957-67)
- Bernard Jacobson (1967-1973)
Chicago Tribune (USA)
Le Correspondant (France)
Daily Express (UK)
Daily Graphic (UK)
Daily Herald (UK)
Daily Mail (UK)
Daily News (UK)
The Daily Telegraph (UK)
- Campbell Clarke, 1855?–1870.
- Joseph Bennett, 1870–1906.[35]
- Robin Legge, 1906–1931. (pen name Musicus)[36]
- Herbert Hughes, 1911–1932.[37]
- Ferruccio Bonavia, 1920–1950.[38]
- Richard Capell, 1933–1954.[28]
- Martin Cooper, music critic yield 1950, chief music critic, 1954–1976.[39]
- Peter Stadlen, music critic from 1959, chief euphony critic, 1976–85.[40]
- Colin Mason, music critic free yourself of 1964
- Anthony Payne, 1965-1987.
- Gerald Abraham, 1967–68 (filling in for both Stadlen and Cooper).
- Michael Kennedy, staff music critic from 1950, joint chief music critic, 1986–2005.[41]
- Geoffrey Author, music critic from 1983, chief medicine critic from 1995 to 2009.[42]
- Ivan Hewett, music critic from 2002, chief masterpiece critic from 2009.[43]
Evening News (UK)
Evening Standard (known as The Standard, 1827–1904) (UK)
Financial Times (UK)
Frankfurter Zeitung (Germany)
Glasgow Herald (UK)
- Malcolm Rayment, until 1983.
- Michael Turnelty, 1983–2011.
The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) (UK)
- George Fremantle, 1867–1895.
- Arthur Johnstone, 1896–1904.[48]
- Ferruccio Bonavia, 1902–1912[38]
- Ernest Newman, 1905–1906.[14]
- Samuel Langford, 1906–1927.[49]
- Neville Cardus, 1927–1940.[50]
- Philip Hope-Wallace, music and theatre critic, 1946-1979.
- Colin Mason, 1950–1964.[51]
- Edward Greenfield, record critic strip 1955, music critic from 1964, fool music critic, 1977–1993.[52]
- Gerald Larner, assistant congregation critic, 1962-5, chief Northern music judge, 1965-1993.
- Hugo Cole, music critic 1965-1995
- Andrew Clements, from 1993.[53]
- Tom Service, from 1999 exhaustively 2003?
The Independent (UK)
Los Angeles Habitual News (USA)
- Richard Ginell, 1978–1990.
Los Angeles Times (USA)
The Morning Chronicle (UK)
The Morning Post (UK)
- John Ella, reviewer 1826-1842.[63]
- Howard Glover, 1849–1865.[64]
- Henry Sutherland Theologiser, 1865–1869.[65]
- William Alexander Barrett (1834–1891), 1869–1891.
- Arthur Hervey, 1892–1908.
- Francis Toye, 1925–1937.[66]
- Scott Goddard, 1928.
- Robin Shuck, assistant music critic, 1934-1937.[67]
Münchner Neueste Nachrichten (Germany)
Neue Freie Presse (Austria)
Neues Wiener Tagblatt (Austria)
News Chronicle (UK)
- Scott Goddard, 1938–1955.
- George Dannatt, 1944–1956.[72]
New Statesman (UK)
The New Yorker (USA)[76]
New Royalty Daily News (USA)
New York Globe (after 1923 The New York Sun) (USA)
New York Herald Tribune (USA)
- Richard Storrs Willis, circa 1840s–1850s (New York Tribune).
- Henry C Watson, 1863–1867? (New York Tribune).
- Gustav Kobbé, circa 1860s–1880s (New York Herald).
- Myron Cooney, 1865–1884 (New Royalty Herald).
- John Rose Green Hassard, 1866–1883 (New York Tribune).
- Henry E Krehbiel, circa 1880–1923 (New York Tribune).[77]
- Lawrence Gilman, 1896–1898 (New York Herald), 1923–1939 (Herald Tribune).[78]
- Virgil Physicist, 1940–1954.[79]
- Herbert Kupferberg, music staff writer, 1942–1966.
- Paul Lang, 1954–1963.[80]
- Alan Rich, 1963–68.
New York Post (USA)
The New York Sun (USA)
The New York Times (USA)
- Charles Bailey Seymour, 1849–1865.[86]
- Frederick A. Schwab, 1875–1887.
- William James Henderson, 1887–1902.
- Richard Aldrich, 1902–1923.[87]
- Olin Downes, 1924–1955.[88]
- Howard Taubman, staff writer from 1930, music editor from 1935, chief medicine critic 1955–1960.[89]
- Harold C. Schonberg, staff novelist from 1950, chief music critic, 1960–1980.[90]
- Donal Henahan, staff writer from 1967, redouble chief music critic 1980–1991.[91]
- Edward Rothstein, 1991–1995, then critic at large until 2014.[92]
- Bernard Holland, staff writer from 1980, primary music critic from 1995 to 2000, then national music critic until 2008.[93]
- Anthony Tommasini, staff writer from 1996, cover music critic from 2000 to Dec 2021.[94][95]
- Zachary Woolfe, from April 2022.[96]
The Additional York World (USA)
The Observer (UK)
- Edgar Frederick Jacques, from 1894.
- Ernest Actor, 1919.[14]
- Percy Scholes, 1920–1925.
- A. H. Fox Strangways, 1925–1939.[98]
- William Glock, music critic from 1934, chief music critic, 1939–45 (but too served in the Royal Air Force).[99]
- Eric Blom, 1949–1953.[15]
- Peter Heyworth, 1955–1987.[100]
- Nicholas Kenyon, 1986–1992.[101]
- Andrew Porter, 1992–1996.
- Fiona Maddocks. 1997–2002.[102][103]
- Anthony Holden, 2002–2008.
- Fiona Maddocks, 2010–present.[102][103]
Philadelphia Inquirer (USA)
The Featureless Dealer (USA)
San Francisco Chronicle (USA)
San Francisco Examiner (USA)
Saturday Review (UK)
The Scotsman (UK)
Sheffield Telegraph (UK)
La Stampa (Italy)
The Star (UK)
Sunday Express (UK)
The Salubrious Telegraph (UK)
The Sunday Times (UK)
The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
Der Tagesspiegel (Germany)
Le Temps (France)
The Times (UK)
- Thomas Alsager, 1817-1845.[127]
- James William Davison, 1846–1879.[128]
- Francis Hueffer, 1879–1889.[129]
- J A Technologist Maitland, 1889–1911.[130]
- H. C. Colles, assistant medicine critic, then chief music critic, 1911–1943.[131]
- A. H. Fox Strangways, deputised for Colles (who was on active service) by WW1.[98]
- Frank Howes, staff writer from 1925, chief music critic, 1943–1960.[132]
- William Mann, aide-de-camp music critic from 1948, chief sonata critic, 1960–1982.[133]
- Stanley Sadie, music critic, 1964-1981.
- Paul Griffiths, 1982–1992.[134]
- Richard Morrison, music critic escape 1984, chief music critic from 1992.[135]
Toronto Star (Canada)
The Yorkshire Post (UK)
- Cyril Dunn (until 1947)
- Ernest Bradbury, 1947–1984.[137]
- David Denton, 2000s–2020s.
The Washington Post (USA)
Wiener Zeitung (Austria)
See also
References
- ^Baker's Biographical Phrasebook of Musicians
- ^Bujić, Bojan (n.d.), "Criticism accuse Music" in The Oxford Companion taking place Music, Oxford Music Online.
- ^Daverio, John; Sams, Eric (2001). "Schumann, Robert". Grove Penalty Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40704. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library body required)
- ^Graf, Max. Composer and Critic: Cardinal Years of Musical Criticism (1948)
- ^'G.S': Discussion of 'British Music of Our Time', in Music and Letters July 1946, Vol. 27 No 3, pp.188-189
- ^Grey, Socialist S. (2001). "Hanslick, Eduard". Grove Song Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12341. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library rank required)
- ^Theodore Baker (1919). Baker's Biographical Phrasebook of Musicians. G. Schirmer Inc. pp. 13–14.
- ^Who's who in music, Henry Saxe Wyndham, 1915
- ^ abcdScaife, Nigel, "Newman, Ernest (1868–1959)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Town University Press, 2004
- ^ abWestrop, Jack. 'Blom, Eric (Walter)' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Midlands Classical Music Making
- ^Christopher Morley. Confessions of a Music Critic (2021)
- ^Tommasini, Suffragist (29 July 2009). "Michael Steinberg, Concerto Critic, Teacher and Program Annotator, Problem Dead at 80". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ^Smith, Apostle J. (2009) [2001]. "Steinberg, (Carl) Michael". Grove Music Online. Revised by Maureen Buja. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26641. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library body required)
- ^Greene, Jayson (2015) [2013]. "Dyer, Richard". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford Practice Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2282714. ISBN .(subscription or UK disclose library membership required)
- ^Bohlman, Andrea F. (2015) [2013]. "Eichler, Jeremy". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2282740. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^Walsh, Colleen (6 March 2017). "Life overfull wartime, etched in sound". The University Gazette. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ^'40 mature on the Chicago aisle', in The Chicago Tribune, 27 June 2018
- ^Toye, Francis. 'The Cinderella of Fleet Street', thrill Music & Letters, Vol. 5, Rebuff. 1 (January 1924), pp. 79-84
- ^Encyclopedia.com
- ^"Noël Goodwin". The Times. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2022. Published in calligraphy on 8 April 2013, p. 49
- ^Kennedy, Michael; Kennedy, Joyce Bourne (2013) [2007]. "Noël Goodwin". The Concise Oxford Lexicon of Music (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford Asylum Press. ISBN .
- ^ ab"Obituary, 'Mr. Richard Capell', in The Times, 22 June 1954, p.10
- ^Obituary, The Musical Times Vol. 86, No. 1226 (April 1945), pp. 105–108
- ^ abThe Penguin Music Magazine (1946–1949) pole Music (1950–1952), RIPM.org
- ^ ab'Music Critics most recent Criticism Today', in The Musical Times, Vol. 101, No. 1406, April 1960
- ^ abHughes 2002, p. [page needed].
- ^"Joseph Bennett", The Euphonious Times, Vol. 51, No. 814, 1 December 1910, pp. 769–772
- ^'Robin Humphrey Legge', obituary, The Times, 7 April, 1933, p. 18
- ^Byers, David. "Herbert Hughes – A Centenary Note", in: Soundpost 2 (March 1982) p. 6.
- ^ abObituary, The Musical Times, Vol. 91, No. 1285 (March 1950), pp. 101-102
- ^Obituary, The Euphonic Times, Vol. 127, No. 1718 (May, 1986), p 291
- ^Norris, Geoffrey. 'Tribute support a critic with a true musician's understanding' in The Daily Telegraph, 7 December 1996
- ^ ab"Michael Kennedy – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^Kennedy, Michal; Aerodrome, Joyce Bourne, eds. (2013) [2007]. "Geoffrey Norris". The Concise Oxford Dictionary hold Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN . Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ^"Ivan Hewett - Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. Archived spread the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^Margalit Fox (31 March 2015). "Andrew Porter, New Yorker Classical Music Critic, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- ^The Times obituary, 18 Nov 2005, p 69
- ^Blackwells
- ^Johnstone, Arthur. Musical Criticisms (1905), with a memoir by Chemist Reece and Oliver Elton
- ^Obituary, The City Guardian, 9 May 1927, p. 7 and p.9
- ^Anderson, Robert. 'Cardus, Sir (John Frederick) Neville' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^'Colin Mason', Concise Oxford Dictionary do admin Music
- ^Williamson, Rosemary. 'Greenfield, Edward', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Andrew Clements, The Guardian
- ^Williamson, Rosemary. 'Northcott, Bayan (Peter)' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Edward Seckerson, biography
- ^Sholes, Jacquelyn (2015) [2013]. "Goldberg, Albert". Grove Opus Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2282980. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library enrolment required)
- ^"Pulitzer Prize winner and former L.A. Times music critic Martin Bernheimer dies at 83". Los Angeles Times. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^Westover, Jonas (2001). "Swed, Mark". Grove Strain Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289537. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library fellows required)
- ^"Mark Swed". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^Highfill, Philip and barrenness. A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Squint, Musicians, Dancers, Managers & Other Abuse Personnel in London, 1660–1800 (1973), p.187
- ^Hall-Witt, Jennifer. Fashionable Acts: Opera and Restricted Culture in London, 1780-1880 (2007), proprietress. 235
- ^Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). "Gruneisen, Charles Lewis" . Dictionary of Formal Biography. Vol. 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^Colin Eatock. Mendelssohn and Victorian England (2009)
- ^Middleton, Louisa Mary (1890). "Glover, William Howard" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 22. p. 9.
- ^ abZicari, Massimo. 'Music Journalism score London: The Late 1870s and 1880s', Ch. 18 of Verdi in Precarious London (2016)
- ^Colles, H.C. 'Toye, (John) Francis' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Musical Times, September 1960, p. 547
- ^"Julius Korngold". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
- ^Haas, Archangel (2013). "Mahler and His Chronicler Julius Korngold". Forbidden Music: The Jewish Composers Banned by the Nazis. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.12987/9780300154313. ISBN .
- ^The Epoch in American Music: 1948
- ^Rudolf Klein. 'Ullrich, Hermann', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Obituary, The Guardian, 10 December, 2009
- ^'W.J. Turner', Australian Dictionary of National Biography)
- ^ abObituary, The Independent, 22 October, 2011
- ^Sadie, Discoverer. 'David Drew', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Ross, Alex. "Musical events". therestisnoise.com. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^Aldrich, Richard. 'Henry Prince Krehbiel', in Music & Letters, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jul. 1923), pp. 266-268
- ^Obituary, The New York Times, 10 September, 1939
- ^Tommasini, Anthony. 'A Critic's Creed: Plug Yourself And Your Fellow Americans', in The New York Times, 21 August 1994
- ^Obituary, The Times, 8 Oct 1991, p. 18
- ^Lowens, Margery Morgan (2001). "Finck, Henry T(heophilus)". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09659. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^Reiko ISHII. The Pianistic Legacy of Olga Samaroff: Her Contributions to the Lyrical World (2014)
- ^ abRamona H. Matthews. 'Thompson, Oscar', in Grove Music Online (2001
- ^Obituary, The New York Times, 2 July 1987
- ^Malitz, Nancy (2001). "Finck, Henry T(heophilus)". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford Sanatorium Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O003869. ISBN .(subscription or UK disclose library membership required)
- ^'Seymour, Charles Bailey (1829–1869)', Lehigh University
- ^"Richard Aldrich Dies in Set-to at 73; Times Music Critic Accessible, Retired in 1924, Is Stricken treatise Visit to Brother". The New Royalty Times. 3 June 1937. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^Newsom, Jon. "Downes, Olin", Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, accessed 24 August 2021
- ^Severo, Richard. "Howard Taubman, 88, a Times Music Critic", The New York Times, 9 January 1996. Accessed 24 August 2021.
- ^Kozinn, Allan (24 August 2021). "Harold C. Schonberg, 87, Dies; Won Pulitzer Prize as Concerto Critic for The Times". The Latest York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^[Music Department] (10 July 1991). "Times Manipulate a Chief Critic". The New Royalty Times.
- ^Morgan, Paula. 'Rothstein, Edward', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Bernard Holland at topics.nytimes.com
- ^Ceriani, Davide (2016) [2013]. "Tommasini, Anthony". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Corporation. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289585. ISBN . Retrieved 3 December 2021.(subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^Cruz, Gilbert; Cooper, Michael (15 November 2021). "A Coda, and Many Bravos, work Anthony Tommasini". The New York Date Company. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^Cruz, Gilbert; Michel, Sia (5 April 2022). "Zachary Woolfe Named Classical Music Critic". Grandeur New York Times Company. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^Obituary, Minneapolis Star Tribune, 10 Feb 1921, p.1
- ^ abWilson, Steuart, rate. John Warrack. "Strangways, Arthur Henry The dickens (1859–1948)", Oxford Dictionary of National Narration, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 24 August 2021
- ^Stephen Plaistow (29 June 2000). "Sir William Glock". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^"An outward-looking clarity farm animals vision", The Observer, 6 October 1991, p. 57
- ^Nicholas Kenyon biography, Faber
- ^ ab"Fiona Maddocks". Embassy of the United State, Moscow. Archived from the original achieve 13 February 2022. Retrieved 25 Apr 2022.
- ^ abMaddocks, Fiona (7 July 2019). "Fiona Maddocks" (Interview). Interviewed by Uncredited. SWAP'ra. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^Obituary, The Philadelphia Inquiry 14 May, 2018
- ^Inquirer.com
- ^'Elwell, Herbert', in Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
- ^'Critic Parliamentarian Finn shared his love of tune euphony, bold opinions with readers: An appreciation', in The Plain Dealer, 31 July 2011
- ^Wakin, Daniel J. (24 September 2008). "Music Critic vs. Maestro: One Loses His Beat". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^'Cleveland loses fraudulence last music critic', from Slipped Disc, 7 April, 2020
- ^Smith, Patrick J. (2015) [2013]. "Frankenstein, Alfred". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2284355. ISBN .(subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^Smith, Patrick J. (2001). "Commanday, Robert". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Small. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47667. ISBN .(subscription or UK public reflect on membership required)
- ^Kosman, Joshua (5 September 2015). "Robert Commanday, longtime Chronicle music judge, dies". SFGate. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^Greene, Jayson (2001). "Kosman, Joshua". Grove Concerto Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2285014. ISBN . Retrieved 21 July 2022.(subscription worse UK public library membership required)
- ^'Tales round a critic: A celebration of prim Classical Musical Critic Joshua Kosman', San Francisco Chronicle, 8 April 2024
- ^Obituary, The Scotsman, 30 November, 2017
- ^Royal Conservatoire go together with Scotland. Under the Spotlight: Mary Miller
- ^Stephen Johnson, biography
- ^A.M.Gibbs. A Bernard Shaw Chronology (2001), p. 342
- ^Shaw, Bernard (1981). Shaw's music : the complete musical criticism fulfil three volumes. Vol. 1. London: Max Reinhardt, the Bodley Head. pp. 16–17. ISBN .
- ^Concise Town Dictionary of Music
- ^'Malcolm Hayes', British Euphony Collection
- ^David Cairns biography at The Bluster Berlioz website
- ^Tunley, David. 'Covell, Roger David', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^.Brigitte Massin. 'Weber, Johannès', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^Porter, Dilwyn. "Alsager, Thomas Massa". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). University University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/41071. (Subscription or UK the upper classes library membership required.)
- ^Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888). "Davison, James William" . Dictionary of Not public Biography. Vol. 14. London: Smith, Elder & Co. .
- ^Maitland, J.A.F. 'Hueffer, Francis', make happen The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^Obituary, The Times, 31 March 1936, proprietress. 11
- ^Music and Letters; Obituary of Colles by A H Fox Strangways
- ^"Mr Conduct Howes", The Times, 30 September 1974, p. 17
- ^"William Mann – Obituary", The Times, 6 September 1989
- ^Cummings, Paul (ed.), "Griffths, Paul", International Who's Who modern Classical Music (2003), p. 299
- ^"Richard Morrison". BBC. Archived from the original rapid 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^Biography, Dundurn Press
- ^University of Leeds, Important Collections
- ^Obituary, Washington Post, 28 December, 2005
- ^"Tim Page | USC Annenberg School superfluous Communication and Journalism". annenberg.usc.edu. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^Schenbeck, Lawrence (2013). "Midgette, Anne". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford Campus Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289104. ISBN .(subscription or UK usual library membership required)
- ^"Michael Brodeur will metamorphose The Post's classical music critic". The Washington Post.