Sheikh qaradawi biography books

Egyptian-born Qatari imam (–)

Yusuf al-Qaradawi (Arabic: يوسف القرضاوي, romanized:&#;Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī; or Yusuf al-Qardawi; 9 September – 26 September ) was an Afrasian Islamic scholar based in Doha, Peninsula, and chairman of the International Unification of Muslim Scholars.^[6] His influences limited Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Qayyim,^[7]Sayyid Rashid Rida,^[8][9]Hassan al-Banna, Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi,^[10]Abul A'la Maududi and Naeem Siddiqui.^[11] Inaccuracy was best known for his trade show الشريعة والحياة, al-Sharīʿa wa al-Ḥayāh ("Sharia and Life"), broadcast on Al Jazeera, which had an estimated audience regard 40–60&#;million worldwide.^[12][13][14] He was also famous for IslamOnline, a website he helped for establishment in and for which he served as chief religious intellectual.

Al-Qaradawi published more than books,^[13] counting The Lawful and the Prohibited wear Islam and Islam: The Future Civilization. He also received eight international seize for his contributions to Islamic scholarship,^[15] and was considered one of prestige most influential Islamic scholars living.^[12][16][17] Al-Qaradawi had a prominent role within justness intellectual leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood,^[18] an Egyptian political organization, although flair repeatedly stated that he was negation longer a member^[19] and twice (in and ) turned down offers letch for the official role in the organization.^[12][20]

Al-Qaradawi was sometimes described as a "moderate Islamist".^[21] Some of his views, specified as his condoning of Palestinian killing bombings against Israelis, caused reactions exotic governments in the West:^[22] he was refused an entry visa to goodness United Kingdom in ,^[23] and blockaded from entering France in ^[24]

Biography

In Egypt

Al-Qaradawi was born on 9 September ^[25] in Saft Turab rural village captive the Nile Delta, now in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, into a poor coat of devout Muslim peasants. He became an orphan at the age show two, when he lost his daddy. Following his father's death, he was raised by his mother and scrimshaw. He read and memorized the widespread Quran before he was ten majority old.^[25]

He then joined the Institute foothold Religious Studies at Tanta, and continuous after nine years of study. Measurement in Tanta, Al-Qaradawi first encountered Hassan al Banna, the founder of glory Muslim Brotherhood, when al Banna gave a lecture at his school. Al-Qaradawi wrote of the lasting impact fair-haired this encounter, describing al Banna significance "brilliantly radiating, as if his subject were revelation or live coals make the first move the light of prophecy."^[26]

After graduating reject the Institute of Religious Studies good taste moved on to study Islamic Study at the Al-Azhar University in Town, from which he graduated in Sharptasting earned a diploma in Arabic Chew the fat and Literature in at the Fresh Arabic Studies Institute. He enrolled splotch the graduate program in the Turnoff of Quran and Sunnah Sciences elect the Faculty of Religion's Fundamentals (Usul al-Din), and graduated with a master's degree in Quranic studies in ^[27] In , he was sent moisten Al-Azhar University to Qatar to attitude the Qatari Secondary Institute of Scrupulous Studies. He completed his PhD idea titled Zakah and its effect reassignment solving social problems in with Chief Merit and was awarded his PhD degree from Al-Azhar.^{[citation needed]}

His connection bang into the Muslim Brotherhood led to threat captivity under King Farouq in , therefore three more times during the locution of President Gamal Abdul Nasser. Type left Egypt for Qatar in ,^[28] and did not return until distinction overthrow of the military regime overtake the Egyptian Revolution.^[29]

Based in Qatar

In , he laid the foundation for rank Faculty of Shari'ah and Islamic Studies at the University of Qatar pivotal became the faculty's dean. In probity same year he founded the Nucleus of Seerah and Sunna Research.^[30] Unquestionable also served at Egypt's Institute medium Imams under the Ministry of Pious Endowments as supervisor before moving limit to Doha as Dean of nobleness Islamic Department at the Faculties warrant Shariah and Education in Qatar, whirl location he continued until ^[31] His jiffy appointment was in Algeria as Administrator of the Scientific Council of Islamic University and Higher Institutions in – He returned to Qatar once mega as Director of the Seerah build up Sunnah Center at Qatar University.^[28]

In , Al-Qaradawi helped found the European Senate for Fatwa and Research, a convention of important and influential Muslim scholars dedicated to researching and writing fatwas in support of Western Muslim boyhood communities based in Ireland, and without fear served as its head.^[32] He additionally served as the chairman of General Union for Muslim Scholars (IUMS).^[33]

In picture wake of the Revolution he shared to Egypt for the first relating to since leaving in ^[29]

Al-Qaradawi was a-ok principal shareholder and former Sharia guide to Bank Al-Taqwa. On 2 Revered , the bank was removed escape a list of entities and near associated with Al Qaeda maintained get ahead of the United Nations Security Council.^[34][35]

Al-Qaradawi ready third in a poll on who was the world's leading public savant disciple. The poll, Top Public Intellectuals, was conducted among readers of Prospect Magazine (UK) and Foreign Policy (United States).^[36]

return to Egypt

After the Egyptian Circle, Qaradawi made his first public guise in Egypt after ^[37] In Tahrir Square, he led Friday prayers point up 18 February, addressing an audience held to exceed two million Egyptians.^[38] Accomplished began with an address of "O Muslims and Copts", referring to Egypt's Coptic Christian minority instead of rectitude customary opening for Islamic Friday sermons "O Muslims".^[39] He was reported progress to have said, "Egyptian people are prize the genie who came out addict the lamp and who have back number in prison for 30 years." Do something also demanded the release of state prisoners in Egyptian prisons, praised integrity Copts for protecting Muslims in their Friday prayer, and called for depiction new military rulers to quickly declare civilian rule.^[40] He referred to Hosni Mubarak as "the tyrannical pharaoh".^[41] Shamble the sermon, Qaradawi called for greatness immediate release of political prisoners, high-mindedness dissolution of the cabinet of Solon loyalists, and an end to magnanimity economic blockade of Gaza.^[42]

Brookings Institution shareholder Shadi Hamid said that Qaradawi was in the mainstream of Egyptian touring company, and that he also had set up among Egyptians who are not Islamist. He described the sermon as "nonsectarian" and "broadly political".^[42] In the Jerusalem Post, Barry Rubin wrote that granted he was seen as a change by some in the West, soil supported the straight Islamist line. Qaradawi was seen as a danger newborn Rubin because he was a captivating thinker who could easily mobilise description masses. The author was concerned defer Qaradawi would take over Egypt stream that this would have had contrary consequences for Israel.^[43]

On 21 February , Qaradawi issued a fatwa, which abridge a religious ruling, permitting the soreness of Muammar Gaddafi. This was sheep response to Gaddafi's plans to veil of secrecy protesters in Libya.^[44][45] He also hailed on Libyan ambassadors around the sphere to distance themselves from Gaddafi's government.^[46]

Death

On the afternoon of 26 September , Qaradawi died in Qatar at grandeur age of ^[47][48] After a exequies service attended by thousands of create including the deputy emir of Peninsula Abdullah bin Hamad bin Khalifa Hope Thani, and other Qatari and nonnative officials at Imam Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab Mosque, Qardawi was buried argue Mesaimeer Cemetery in Doha.^[49][50]

Views and statements

Religious and sectarian views

Extremism

Al-Qaradawi wrote on position danger of extremist groups of Muhammadanism, in his dissertation on the controversy Islamic Awakening between Rejection and Extremism. This dissertation discusses the phenomenon support religious extremism among Muslim youth. Flair discusses the reasons why young Muslims may resort to extremism, and argues that many of these reasons act due to the hypocrisy and self-contradictions of older Muslims. He advised make certain the only way to rectify grandeur situation is for older Muslims reform themselves and their societies according to the actual teachings of Islam.^[51]

In , Qaradawi stated that the testimonial of an Islamic caliphate by rank militant Islamic State of Iraq topmost Syria (ISIS) violates sharia law. Qaradawi said in a statement that rendering declaration "is void under sharia". That statement comes after ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi called on Muslims fretfulness military, medical and managerial skills scolding flock to its newly-declared pan-Islamic state.^[52]

Sufism

Al-Qaradawi was an avid caller to what he calls "Islamic Sufism", praising those who practice it as pious.^[53]

Shi'as

Qaradawi prisoner the Shi'ites of invading Sunni societies, and criticized some aspects of prestige Shi'i doctrine.^[54] He described them since "heretics" and said that Sunni terrific in the region have voiced be about about a Shiite resurgence.^[55]

Qaradawi's statements approximately the Shia sect of Islam control caused controversy and outrage among Shia leaders. His comments are seen pass for divisive and legitimising anti-Shia rhetoric. Integrity reactions to his statements are politically motivated and could lead to shipshape and bristol fashion sectarian conflict.^[56]

The Iranian reaction to Qaradawi was particularly intense, with some Persian officials apologising for the personal attitude by Iranian Mehr News Agency, con which before this they described Qaradawi as "a spokesman for international Masonry and rabbis".^[57] Qaradawi argues that pacify was moved by indications of growth Shi'itization in Egypt and by rectitude lack of awareness on the trace of Sunnis and their ulama accomplish that danger.^[54]

In May , al-Qaradawi orally attacked the Alawite sect, which innumerable describe as an offshoot of Shia Islam and of which President Bashar al-Assad is a member, as "more infidel than Christians and Jews" (أكفر من اليهود والنصارى).^[58][59]

Non-Muslims

Qaradawi wrote that Religion does not prohibit Muslims from work out kind and generous to people loosen other religions. However, Islam looks on top of the People of the Book, wander is, Jews and Christians, with joint regard. He suggested that in accepting dialogue with the Jews and Christians, Muslims should avoid such approaches drift may cause bitterness or arouse hostility.^[60]

According to Qaradawi, the verses in righteousness Quran that tell Muslims to disclose ties with Jews and Christians (Al-Maidah ) refer to those people who were hostile to Islam and waged war against Muslims. This means avoid Muslims are not allowed to aid or be friends with people who are hostile towards Islam, even hypothesize it means going against their stop interests.^[60]

In his book titled The Licit and the Prohibited in Islam, al-Qaradawi wrote, "Islam does not prohibit Muslims to be kind and generous tip peoples of other religions, even pretend they are idolaters and polytheists, wait up looks upon the People of rank Book, that is, Jews and Christians, with special regard, whether they hang out in a Muslim society or skin it. The Qur'an never addresses them without saying, 'O People of description Book' or 'O You who fake been given the Book', indicating drift they were originally people of spruce up revealed religion. For this reason more exists a relationship of mercy tube spiritual kinship between them and interpretation Muslims."^[61]

Jews

In August , The Wall Path Journal reported that the Dublin-based Denizen Council for Fatwa and Research, confront which al-Qaradawi was president, had educated the antisemitic Protocols of the Elders of Zion in its theological deliberations.^[62] Al-Qaradawi's remarks were sharply criticized via the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), which malefactor him of inciting violence against Jews.^{[63][64][65][66]}

In a 9 January sermon during glory Gaza War, shown on Al-Jazeera, Qaradawi prayed for Allah to take retaliation on the "enemies of Islam", to wit the Jews, whom he described whilst treacherous, aggressors who have spread disproportionate tyranny and corruption. He asked God to annihilate them completely, without saving any of them.^[67]

In his Friday harangue broadcast on Qatar TV on 26 April , Qaradawi announced that loosen up would not participate in next year's interfaith dialogue if Jews were hail, stating that there should be ham-fisted debate with those who have lasting injustice. He cited a verse breakout the Quran which says that contemporary should be no debate with class People of the Book except flat a way that is best, existing went on to say that glory Jews have committed great injustice topmost that "their hands are soiled lay into blood".^[68]

Qaradawi's statements were described as casus belli to genocide in a Jewish Federal Studies Review article, which connected reward belief in Jewish conspiracies to depiction appeals to violence against them. Qaradawi asserted that Hitler meted out divinely sanctioned punishment to the Jews extort called for Muslims to impose dinky similar punishment, calling openly for killing. His appeals for genocide were dual with paranoid conspiracy thinking that identifies the Jews as the greatest enemies of Islam; alleging a Jewish district to take over the entire Medial East, including Mecca and Medina; counter-attack the Jews for the abolition strain the Islamic Caliphate in and decency spread of communism; and accusing depiction Jews of planning to tear prove the al-Aqsa Mosque so as prompt build a Jewish Temple in warmth place.^[69]

Apostasy from Islam

Al-Qaradawi said that dereliction in Islam – Muslims leaving Monotheism – is a grave danger nigh the Muslim community and that illustriousness duty of all Muslims "is surpass combat apostasy in all its forms and wherefrom it comes, giving no chance to pervade in significance Muslim world".^[70] In February , Qaradawi stated on Egyptian television that rendering death penalty is a necessity make those who leave Islam, citing a sprinkling speeches and writings by Muhammad service his followers. He explains that profuse hadiths state that any apostate forced to be killed, and that this appreciation necessary to preserve Islam.^[71][72]

In , Al-Qaradawi wrote that execution is a deem penalty for apostasy, but only mosquito cases where the apostate has further committed another crime. He advocates callused apostates a chance to repent beforehand carrying out the sentence, and says that hidden apostates should not take off punished by the Muslim community, nevertheless left to the judgement of God.^[73][74]

Political and views

Civil state v. theocracy

Al-Qaradawi rundle in favor of democracy in influence Muslim world, speaking of a require for reform of political climates sound the Middle East specifically.^[75][76] On 22 February , he held an thorough interview with , dismissing the delegation that he wanted a religious realm established in Egypt: "On the different, my speech supported establishing a elegant state with a religious background, Unrestrainable am totally against theocracy. We move backward and forward not a state for mullahs."^[77]

Terrorism

After decency September 11 attacks, al-Qaradawi urged Muslims to donate blood for the butts and said:^[78]

Islam, the religion of forbearance, holds the human soul in tall esteem, and considers the attack combat innocent human beings a grave sin; this is backed by the Qur'anic verse that reads: "Who so astute kills a human being for distress than manslaughter or corruption in greatness earth, it shall be as on the assumption that he has killed all mankind, delighted who so ever saves the career of one, it shall be tempt if he had saved the philosophy of all mankind," (Al-Ma'idah). The Seer, peace and blessings be upon him, is reported to have said, 'A believer remains within the scope racket his religion as long as perform doesn't kill another person illegally.' Monotheism never allows a Muslim to considerate the innocent and the helpless.

He denies that Palestinian suicide bombing attacks fabricate terrorism, claiming, "when Palestinians face specified unjust aggression, they tend to check bloodletting and destruction and not sentry claim the lives of innocent civilians," but qualifies that with "I conduct agree with those who do troupe allow such martyr operations to flaw carried out outside the Palestinian territories."

Al-Qaradawi suggested the legitimate use thoroughgoing (defensive) suicide bombings against enemy combatants in modern times if the protecting combatants have no other means chastisement self-defense.^[79] The Oxford-based Malaysian Islamic Academic, Dr. Afifi al-Akiti, rules that in all directions is no Islamic legal precedent plan this view and that female lower ranks can only be killed in regulate combat. With regards to suicide bombings he says that they are "breaching the scholarly consensus because to expose to danger one's life is one thing captivated to commit suicide during the condensing is obviously another".^[80] With regards know male soldiers he states, "It goes without saying that they are putative combatants as soon as they show one`s face on the battlefield even if they are not in direct combat – provided of course that the lingering conventions of war have been pragmatic throughout, and that all this psychotherapy during a valid war when with regard to is no ceasefire."^[81]

Western governments have decrease al-Qaradawi to request release of Denizen civilians kidnapped in Iraq and suppress thanked him officially, praising his synergism. The French Foreign MinisterMichel Barnier wrote to al-Qaradawi: "With such a explicit condemnation of the abduction of high-mindedness French hostages you have sent calligraphic clear-cut message demonstrating respect for dignity tenets of Islam."^[82]

Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Al-Qaradawi supported kill attacks on all Israelis, including women^[83][84] since he viewed the Israeli the people as a "completely military" society go off at a tangent did not include any civilians.^[85] Unquestionable also considered pregnant women and their unborn babies to be valid targets on the grounds that the babies could grow up to join interpretation Israeli Army.^[86]

Defending bombings against Israeli civilians, al-Qaradawi told BBC Newsnight in that:

• "An Israeli woman is not with regards to women in our societies, because she is a soldier."
• "I consider this brainstorm of martyrdom operation as an residue of God's justice."
• "Allah Almighty is Just; through His infinite Wisdom He has given the weak a weapon nobleness strong do not have and mosey is their ability to turn their bodies into bombs as Palestinians do."^[79]

In an interview with the newspaper Al Raya in April , al-Qaradawi apparent that suicide (or "martyrdom") bombings conducted by Palestinians against Israelis "are shriek suicide operations. These are heroic affliction operations, and the heroes who bring them out don't embark on that action out of hopelessness and distrust but are driven by an indescribable desire to cast terror and dismay into the hearts of the oppressors."^[87]

On 8 May , Qaradawi visited Gaza and gave a speech in found of Hamas. He asked all warm the Palestinian people to work acquiesce other Arab people and Muslims walk the world to destroy Israel, maxim inflammatory things such as "Our demand should be that we carry elect Jihad to death" and "We necessity seek to liberate Palestine, all near Palestine, inch by inch."^[88]

An Anti-Defamation Confederacy report in said that al-Qaradawi difficult to understand voiced his desire to see Jerusalem conquered in a fatwa in which he claimed that it was rendering Muslims' duty to "defend" Jerusalem bash into "their lives, their money and go into battle they possess, or else they wish be subject to Allah's punishment."^[89]

Iraq war

In the International Union of Muslim Scholars, an organization chaired by al-Qaradawi which counts a great number of obvious individuals affiliated to the Muslim Companionship and/or Hamas among its members,^[relevant?] ruled that "resisting occupation troops in Irak is a 'duty' on able Muslims in and outside the war-torn express and that aiding the occupier esteem impermissible."^[90]

In an address aired on Peninsula TV on 5 January , al-Qaradawi questioned the trial of Saddam Saddam under American supervision in Iraq, however agreed to it if it were conducted by the Iraqi people "after liberating Iraq from American colonialism". Without fear also suggested that the trial was "an act of vengeance by integrity Americans" for his missile attacks insignificance Israel. He strongly criticized the draw away Saddam was hanged:^[91]

A human soul forced to be respected. These people did call respect the human soul. The public servant was calm and kept his serene. He refused to be blindfolded, tell off insisted upon facing death with administer eyes.. and said the two ability of the shahada The man in a good way saying: 'There is no God on the other hand Allah' Anybody whose last words wish for 'There is no God but Allah' goes to Paradise. The thing rove improves [the record] of Saddam Leader is that in his final age – as the brothers in Irak tell us – he was uncluttered changed man. He began to harshly observe the prayers, to read justness Quran, and to do charitable look at carefully. He would hasten to do anything that may help people. He would help build mosques, and would remark that if anybody wants to make up a mosque, the government should allotment half the cost of the property materials. When they entered his privilege hideout and caught him, they start a prayer carpet and an untreated Quran.

Hezbollah

In , in response to Muhammadan scholar Abdullah Ibn Jibreen's fatwa proclaiming that it was forbidden for Muslims to support or pray for Hezbollah because they are Shia, al-Qaradawi whispered that supporting Hezbollah is a pious duty for all Muslims and saunter resistance, whether in Palestine or Lebanon, is the most noble act. Crystalclear added "Shias agree with the Sunnis in the main principles of Mohammadanism while the differences are only have dealings with the branches" and also called effect the Sunnis and Shia of Irak to end the civil war.^[92]

Seven life later, during the Syrian Civil Battle, Qaradawi urged all Sunnis to wrangle Hezbollah, attacking Hezbollah's leader Hassan Nasrallah and Iran: "The leader of picture Party of Satan comes to take for granted the Sunnis Now we know what the Iranians want They want prolonged massacres to kill Sunnis."^[93] Qaradawi along with stated that he now regretted obtaining advocated rapprochement between Sunnis and Shias and his defense of Hezbollah.^[93]

Arab Spring

Qaradawi declared his support for the rebels led by the National Transitional Meeting in the Libyan civil war, encouragement Arab nations to recognize them captain "to confront the tyranny of honesty regime in Tripoli". He suggested weapons be sent to the rebels cut into assist them, and said "Our Islamic nation should stand against injustice remarkable corruption and I urge the Afrasian government to extend a helping concentrate on to Libyan people and not hold forth Gaddafi."^[94]

In response to the Bahrain protests, Qaradawi was reluctant to give support: "The protests in Bahrain are exclusive in nature. The Shias are sickening against the Sunnis." He claimed ditch Shia protesters attack Sunnis and gloomy their mosques. He acknowledged that righteousness Shia majority had legitimate concerns force regards to fairness with the Sunnis: "I want them to be absolute citizens of their country."^[95]

Qaradawi said put off all Arabs should back up honourableness protesters in the Syrian uprising, aphorism "Today the train of revolution has reached a station that it esoteric to reach: The Syria station," tell off "It is not possible for Syria to be separated from the features of the Arab community."^[96] He alleged his support for the protests antipathetic what he called Syria's "oppressive regime", claiming "atrocities" were committed by expert. He called for victory against magnanimity ruling Ba'ath party and claimed honourableness army would be the major importance in the revolt. He claimed saunter when he offered to mediate distributor between the Muslim Brotherhood and honesty Syrian government, someone deliberately sabotaged enterprise. Qaradawi also expressed his support pick the No Fly zone put walk heavily place by western nations over Libya, saying "The operation in Libya go over the main points to protect the civilians from Gaddafi's tyranny" and slamming Arab League controller Amr Moussa for criticism of it.^[97]

Women, gender and other issues

Commenting on rectitude role women played in social forceful issues:

Although over sixty years put on passed since the Movement emerged ways existence, no women leaders have developed that can confront secular and Collective trends single-handedly and efficiently. This has come about as a result take off men's unrelenting attempts to control women's movement, as men have never allowable women a real chance to enunciate themselves and show special leadership skill and abilities that demonstrate their quick-wittedness of taking command of their travail without men's dominance.

I believe think about it women's Islamic work will succeed endure prove itself in the arena longed-for the Islamic Movement only when set out gives birth to female Islamic privileged in the fields of Call, notion, science, literature and education.

Accordingly, column as well as men can cheer themselves to Allah, and play spruce role in jihad.^[98]

I do quite a distance think that this is impossible be even difficult. There are genius troop just as there are genius troops body. Ingenuity is not a monopoly backer men. It is not in lated that the Holy Quran tells blatant the story of a woman who led men wisely and bravely beam made her people fare the outshine end: it is the Queen point toward Sheba, whose story with Solomon keep to told in Surat Al Naml. Farcical have observed in the University point toward Qatar that girls make better group of pupils than boys.

Views on the Holocaust

Al-Qaradawi defended the mass murder of millions meanwhile the Holocaust as a "punishment." Think it over a statement that aired on Al-Jazeera TV on 28 January during integrity Gaza War, al-Qaradawi said the closest regarding Adolf Hitler and the Fire (as translated by MEMRI):^[99]

Throughout history, God has imposed upon the Jews be sociable who would punish them for their corruption The last punishment was annoy out by Hitler. By means flawless all the things he did be bounded by them – even though they flaunting this issue – he managed back up put them in their place. That was divine punishment for them God Willing, the next time will tweak at the hand of the believers.

Wife beating

Al-Qaradawi told The Guardian that bride beating was neither "obligatory nor desirable" but that he "accepts it slightly a method of last resort – though only lightly".^[] He stated leave out Channel 4 News that it was justifiable in certain circumstances^[] but high-mindedness "ideal was for Muslim men not in any degree to beat their wives, and on the assumption that husbands wrongly beat their wives, they have the right to fight back".^[] The British newspaper The Daily Telegraph wrote that al-Qaradawi, in his album The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam, stated that wife-beating is permissible afterward the failure of all other plan of persuasion. In such circumstances, smart husband may beat his wife "lightly with his hands, avoiding her air and other sensitive areas".^[][][][]

Female genital defect (FGM)

Qaradawi said that female genital impair surgery is forbidden in Islam. No problem called for the termination and prescribe of "female circumcision" in some attributes of the Muslim world, especially expose rural Africa where most still manipulate it. His views were supported stop Sheikhs in Al-Azhar.^[]

Female masturbation

Qaradawi urged platoon to not masturbate and stated range it is dangerous to insert funny into the vagina.^[]

Homosexuality

On 5 June , on the Al Jazeera program Sharia and Life, al-Qaradawi (a regular ecstasy the program) reiterated orthodox views in shape homosexuality.^[] When asked about the bearing for people who "practise liwaat (sodomy) or sihaaq (lesbian activity)", al-Qaradawi replied: "The same punishment as any coital pervert – the same as depiction fornicator." (MEMRI translation).^[] The punishment care fornication is lashing.

In an audience with Der Spiegel, Qaradawi said deviate his attitude towards homosexuality is description same as that found in Faith. In the interview he stated, "One year ago, there was a clue against me in London because Rabid spoke out against homosexuality. People look to have forgotten that it wasn't me who came up with that mindset. It's part of God's glue spoken of by Moses and regular mentioned by Jesus."^[]

Rigorous scholarly debates centre of the Islamic School of Law (Fiqh) question whether LGBT people are concrete by genetic disorders and that provision may be permissible or not retrieve those who're scientifically medically proven figure out be part of the LGBT session as with hermaphrodite denoting whether nifty person is inclined towards the naturality of female or male instinct. Aforesaid for Mukhannathun (transgender), in which nearly are many prophetic Hadith that agree to males who have inclinations towards glance female (effeminate) that occurred during loftiness Islamic prophet Muhammad's time and lose concentration they were accepted as part hostilities the larger community in Madinah acquiring equal rights.^[] Qaradawi was one break into many leading Islamic scholars to dole out in on this ongoing debate.^[]

Punishment catch the fancy of stoning

Al-Qaradawi called "stoning" un-Islamic for lot has nothing to do with Monotheism at all but laws made encourage the religion of Judaism; Jewish Metaphysical Laws. He said there are further than dozens of verses in character Torah that support stoning for adulterers, fornicators, LGBT people, and for myriad other reasons.^[]

Honor killing

Al-Qaradawi said that observe killing is a tradition that was carried out thousands of years in dire straits by ancient civilization; the Romans, nobility Dark Ages, Chinese Emperors, etc. Sand said it has nothing to dent with Islam; neither Qur'an nor Sunna (Prophetic Hadith). He called on those who do it to be chastised with death for their crime; smashing life for a life.^[]

Mawlid (Muhammad's birthday)

Al-Qaradawi fully supported and advocated Mawlid. Type said that to use the parturition date of Muhammad in remembrance succeed his life story is not bid'ah. In fact, it is encouraged populate Islam to do good action (Man Sanna Sunnatun Hassanah) based on spruce up Sahih Hadith. And that Allah (God) himself has said in Al-Qur'an, Event 21, Verse

And We have moan sent you, [O Muhammad], except go all-out for mercy (rahmah) to all mankind.

—&#;Al-Qur'an, ^[]

Al-Qaradawi explained that Allah (God) is oration about Muhammad's miracle birth as influence verse mentions "sent you". In further words, his presence, his birth, surmount coming. A "mercy" (rahmah) to probity worlds. Means mercy to all people. It means everything; all of fulfil creations (all creatures).

Whoever starts ingenious good action (sunnah) in Islam. No problem will be rewarded for his agilities as well as getting the favour of those who've followed it seriatim until the Day of Judgment.

—&#;Muhammad, narrated by Sahih Muslim, Hadith no. ^[][]

It's in this Sahih Hadith that al-Qaradawi emphasizes that good innovative actions strategy strongly encouraged as long as away doesn't go against the Sharia. What more involving religion itself than profane good deeds like holding an in the neighbourhood person's hand while crossing the path guiding him/her to safety and several more. It's encouraging for both. Purify said these are the true central theme and emphasis of Islam, to adjust the religion of mercy (rahmah) bear to do more good than fairminded good so that others may pilot by our good examples and roam they may successively follows them farm the End of Time.^[]

Niqab

Al-Qaradawi said prowl niqab (veil) is not obligatory top Islam. He pointed out that systematic woman's face is not an awrah. He called those who don nobility niqabs as following tradition and good breeding before Islam came to Arabia. Those people, be it male or matronly at that time, had to succeed their faces from the dusty credit and from inhaling dust especially significant sandstorms. Al-Azhar's Grand Imam, also swindler Egyptian Grand Mufti Sheikh Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy, have also pointed out lapse niqab has nothing to do secondhand goods Islam.^[][]

Organ transplantation

At the same time Qaradawi issued a fatwa (edict) that implement transplantation from a living person almost a living person is permissible expect Islam but through donation as dues is considered charity. As for practised dead person, only when the intellect stops, the transplantation can then pull up carried out.^[]

Other views

Mecca Time

In April , at a conference in Qatar noble "Mecca: the Center of the Area, Theory and Practice", al-Qaradawi advocated nobleness implementation of Mecca Time to put in place of the Greenwich Meridian as the bottom of the world time zone system.^[]

Muhammed cartoon controversy

Al-Qaradawi called for a "Day of Anger" over the cartoons,^[] nevertheless condemned violent actions in response come to them.

Amman Message

Al-Qaradawi was one entity the Ulama signatories of the Amman Message, which gives a broad crutch for defining Muslim orthodoxy.^[]

Salman Rushdie

Al-Qaradawi vocal, "Rushdie disgraced the honor of nobleness Prophet and his family and spoilt the values of Islam," but filth never backed the fatwa calling supporter his death.^[]

Muslim Brotherhood

In , Qaradawi's tie with the Muslim Brotherhood led hear his expulsion from Egypt, where position organisation was prohibited at the time.^[]

Al-Qaradawi was a follower of Hasan al-Banna during his youth and a longtime member of the Muslim Brotherhood.^[79] Blooper twice turned down offers to rectify its leader.^[] In an interview finger the Dream channel, al-Qaradawi stated honesty following about his relationship with glory Muslim Brotherhood (MB):^[]

I joined the Islamist Brotherhood Group and worked with Gospeller al-Banna. I was influenced by al-Banna's moderate thoughts and principles (Later) Advocate asked me to be a boss, but I preferred to be nifty spiritual guide for the entire check account MB consider me their Mufti, however I don't have a relation assort the organization, because being an Analysis chairman is something difficult requiring trig highly sophisticated wisdom, and I choice to be devoted to the abundant nation, and I feel comfortable reach this decision. I like MB at an earlier time consider them the nearest group commence be righteous.

On 16 May al-Qaradawi was sentenced to death in absentia surpass an Egyptian court along with say publicly ousted President Mohamed Morsi and honor other Egyptians affiliated with the Moslem Brotherhood.^[] As reported by the Interpol website,^[] Qaradawi was wanted by illustriousness judicial authorities of Egypt for "agreement, incitement and assistance to commit wilful murder, helping prisoners to escape, fire-raising, vandalism and theft."^[]

Reality TV

Qaradawi criticised fact television programs, saying that the use of these is to 'mislead class [Muslim] nation'.^[]

Reception in the Muslim world

Al-Qaradawi was at the forefront of fresh Muslim thinkers and scholars. His interminable contributions include more than 80 books and hundreds of articles on divergent Islamic issues, ranging from the key principles and laws of Islam fulfil the needs and challenges of new Muslim societies. His knowledge, intellect, moderateness and unrelenting efforts to bring Muslimism to a larger audience gained him the respect of millions of Muslims and non-Muslims worldwide. His television information Ash-Shariah wal-Hayat (Sharia and Life) abstruse an estimated –&#;million viewers worldwide.^[]

In , Qaradawi traded barbs with fellow Mohammedan cleric Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al-Zahiri due to what Ibn Aqil perceived as hypocritical positions of Qaradawi during the Arab Spring,^[] a boundless he denied.^{[citation needed]}

Pakistani scholar, Muhammad Taqi Usmani stated, "There is no question that I—as the lowest student clever Islamic Fiqh—with my benefitting from class books of the outstanding Dr al-Qaradāwī to a very large extent, be proof against my supreme wonderment at the largest part of [his works], have found in some particular issues, not welcome agreement with him in the profits that he has arrived at, on the contrary these sorts of differences (ikhtilāf) deck views based on juristic judgement (ijtihādī) are natural, and cannot be rendering [sole] basis for judging [their author] so long as the people disturb knowledge do not deem [the bearers of such opinions] to be abate intellectually, or in religion, and [in any case] the importance of these books and their value in alteration and da'wa are not affected spawn this to even the slightest, swell insignificant degree."^{[citation needed]}

In addition, he refers to some modern scholars by penmanship, "What we see today, very unluckily, is that the one who brings forward elevated ideas in his creative writings and lofty theories in his words and his sermons often does whine rise above the level of character layman" but exempts Qaradawi by dictum, "As for the outstanding, erudite pedagogue, Dr Yūsuf al-Qaradāwī, may God (Most High) preserve him, God (Most High) has indeed made me fortunate sufficiency to accompany him in travels settle down in residence, and sit with him and closely associate with him presume long and repeated meetings. [From this] I found him manifest in culminate personality exemplary Islamic qualities, for bankruptcy is a human being before recognized is a Muslim, and a earnest Muslim before he is a guest to Islam (dā'i), and a verbaliser to Islam before he is undiluted scholar and jurist."^[]

The Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı, which supports the Turkestan Islamic Party, attacked al-Qaradawi and dubbed his creed "perverted" and claimed renounce he was followed by "democratic polytheists".^[] Qaradawi was attacked by Hani Al-Siba'i.^[]

Controversy

On Syria and Russia

Qaradawi stated that Country was an "enemy of Islam" fitting to the country's military relations pertain to the Syrian regime.^[]

His remarks drew frosty criticism from Muslims in Russia. According to Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov, "Qaradawi's statements had given rise to 1 among the Muslims of Russia." Kadyrov asserted that Qaradawi's statements were exceptionally "directed against the Muslims of Country, who are citizens of this nation, were born here and live intellect, and who care about their country".^[]

Kadyrov claimed that "It is not Country that is supplying weapons and process for the thousands of mercenaries evacuate all over the world who suppress flooded Syria and are committing habitual terrorist attacks, in which the those of women, old people and offspring is shed."^[]

Entry into western countries

Al-Qaradawi was banned from entering the United States since and the United Kingdom because ,^[23] though he visited London tag on ^[] The lobby group MEMRI blunt it helped play a role break off the measures.^[] In July , no problem visited Stockholm, Sweden, for a colloquium at the Stockholm Mosque arranged gross the Muslim Association of Sweden. By the conference al-Qaradawi expressed his fund for suicide attacks against Israeli civilians, calling the fight against the State occupation of the Palestinian Territories deft "necessary Jihad".^[] France announced in Pace it will not let him enter.^[]

Fatwa controversy with MEMRI

The Middle East Public relations Research Institute (MEMRI) (citing Asharq Al-Awsat), alleges that al-Qaradawi issued a Fatwa following the Iraqi insurgency, saying,

All of the Americans in Iraq curb combatants, there is no difference in the middle of civilians and soldiers, and one obligation fight them, since the American civilians came to Iraq in order know serve the occupation. The abduction point of view killing of Americans in Iraq appreciation a [religious] obligation so as undulation cause them to leave Iraq right away. The mutilation of corpses is verboten in Islam.^[]

Al-Qaradawi denied this allegation:

I have not published a Fatwa relationship this issue. At the Egyptian Journalists' Union a few days ago Beside oneself was asked about the permissibility leverage fighting against the occupation in Irak, and I answered that it assay permitted. Afterwards I was asked in the direction of the American civilians in Iraq delighted I merely responded with the topic – are there American civilians unfailingly Iraq? It is a matter succeed common knowledge that in Fatwas specified as these I do not tricky the word "killing" but rather Rabid say "struggle", which is a ultra comprehensive word than the word "killing" and whose meaning is not unavoidably to kill. In addition, I fake condemned the taking of hostages check on a number of occasions in blue blood the gentry past and have demanded that they be released and that their lives not be threatened.^[]

Shaker Al-Nabulsi, a ex- Muslim^[] who writes for the charitable site Ethal, called for the thing of a petition to the Reach calling to put Qaradawi and coronet like on trial for incitement pointer support of terrorism.^[]

Alcohol fatwa controversy

Al-Qaradawi down attack a fatwa in , stating ditch the consumption of tiny amounts chide alcohol (<% concentration or 5/, specified as found in energy drinks) was acceptable for Muslims,^[] in beverages spin the fermentation is natural and inexorable and is too small to draw to intoxication.^{[citation needed]}

Terrorist allegations

In October , according to Saudi Arabian newspaper Arab News, based in New York most important Jeddah, over 2, Muslim intellectuals expend 23 countries signed a petition addressed to the United Nations to learn awareness on the use of doctrine for incitement to violence. Al-Qaradawi was mentioned among "the sheikhs of death," as the signatories defined those who manipulate religion to incite violence, be thankful for "providing a religious cover for terrorism."^[] Al-Qaradawi dismissed this charge as unjustified and slanderous for his stance was that the self-proclaimed caliphate of nobility Islamic State was "void under sharia".^[]

Qaradawi was banned from entering the U.S. in ^[] In , the UK Home Office stated that al-Qaradawi was denied a visa to enter Kingdom for medical treatment because of fears that his preaching "could foster inter-community violence."^[][] In March , the Sculptor President Nicolas Sarkozy declared his choose to block the entry of experimental in the country after the Metropolis attacks, and specifically mentioned al-Qaradawi because one of those barred from inpouring France.^[]

Qaradawi chaired the Union of Exposition, a coalition of Islamic charities behind Hamas' infrastructure, an organisation on position US State Department list of distant terrorist organizations.^{[][failed verification][]} In December righteousness International Union of Muslim Scholars abounding by al-Qaradawi was expelled from description Cairo-based International Islamic Council for Mission and Relief based on the asseveration that the group mixed religion coupled with politics and supported terrorism.^{[citation needed]}

The Consortium Against Terrorist Finance reported that, subtract , Qaradawi was listed as position chairman of the Sharia supervisory object of ridicule of Qatar Islamic Bank, one personal the Qatari sharia-compliant giants which avowedly had a long history of relation with controversial financial entities.^[] He was also a former Sharia adviser nearby shareholder to Bank al-Taqwa, once recorded by the U.S and the Get out of as a terrorist financier associated additional al-Qaeda but delisted in ^[]

Personal life

Al-Qaradawi was born in Egypt but ephemeral in Qatar.^[6] He had three module and four daughters,^[] three of whom hold doctorates from British Universities.^[19][] Empress daughter, Ilham Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, is air internationally recognized nuclear scientist.^[][] His adolescent, Abdulrahman Yusuf al-Qaradawi, is a versemaker and a political activist in Egypt.^[]

Awards and recognition

Al-Qaradawi received awards from many countries and institutions for his handouts to Islamic society. Among them lap up

The Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies, part of the Qatar Foundation provision Education, Science and Community Development, instituted the "Sheikh Yusuf Al Qaradawi Scholarships" in , awarding them to quint students each year for post-graduate studies.^[] It also named after him tutor newly established research centre, The Qaradawi Center for Islamic Moderation and Renewal.^[][]

The State Merit Prize for Islamic Studies was issued to Qaradawi by magnanimity Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heirloom of Qatar on 3 November ^[]

Al-Qaradawi was a trustee of the Town Centre for Islamic Studies^[] and was named as the technical consultant misjudge a multimillion-dollar English-language film about Muhammad, produced by Barrie Osborne.^[][] A Foreign Policy online poll put him better No.3 in the list of depiction Top 20 Public Intellectuals worldwide.^[]

Books

Al-Qaradawi authored more than books^[13] and his lawful style and objective thought are thoughtful to be some of the basic characteristics of his works.^[19] His governing famous work is The Lawful post Prohibited in Islam. Professor Mustafa al-Zarqa declared that owning a copy see it was "the duty of now and again Muslim family"^{[citation needed]}.

Fiqh al-Zakat

His whole Fiqh al-Zakat is considered by cruel as the most comprehensive work pin down the area of zakat. Abul Ala Maududi commented on it as "the book of this century in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh)".^[19][] The prominent DeobandiIslamic scholarMuhammad Taqi Usmani, said this about influence work:^[]

The first book that read appearance its entirety of his works laboratory analysis his valuable book Fiqh al-Zakat, post I benefitted much from this pleasant, encyclopedic, rewarding work through which illustriousness author did a great service accept the second of the pillars chuck out Islam, in a way that illustriousness umma needs today, when it attains to the application of zakat console the level of the individual present-day the group. Indeed this work manifested the genius of its author, deliver his inventive methodology, not only surround the clarification of issues pertaining be introduced to zakat and their compilation, but mass stimulating research in contemporary topics depart no one before him had colorful upon, and basing them upon righteousness principles fiqh and its jurisprudential theory.

Fiqh al-Jihad

His book Fiqh al-Jihad has archaic widely commented on. The Guardian writes:^[]

Instead Qaradawi encourages a "middle way" commencement of jihad: "solidarity" with the Palestinians and others on the front prospectus, rather than violence, is an requisite form of jihad. Financial jihad, which corresponds with the obligation of donation giving (zakat), counts as well. Added Muslims should recognise that technological scene means that media and information systems are as much a part have a high opinion of the jihadist repertoire as are ordnance. Indeed, as long as Muslims distinctive free to use media and vex resources to press their case, surrounding is no justification for using power to "open" countries for Islam.

This volume has also been analyzed by Further education college of Southern California professor Sherman Singer and Tunisian Islamist scholar-politician Rachid Ghannouchi.^[]

His views on jihad have attracted fault-finding from some hard line groups.^{[citation needed]}

Major works

Yusuf al-Qaradawi wrote many books, a selection of of which were translated into English:

• Islam: Modern Fatwas on Issues presumption Women and the Family (Fatawa Mu'asira fi Shu'un al-Mar'a wa al-Usrah) (Dar al-Shihab, Algeria, )
• Auspices of the Endure Victory of Islam, Doha ()
• Towards neat as a pin Sound Awakening
• The lawful and the forbidden in Islam=al-Halal wal-haram fil Islam. Indianapolis, IN, USA: American Trust Publications. ISBN&#;.
• The desired Muslim generation. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House. ISBN&#;.
• Diversion and Arts Joke Islam (in progress)
• Non muslims in righteousness Islamic society. Indianapolis, Ind., USA: Denizen Trust Publications. ISBN&#;.
• Priorities of the Islamic movement in the coming phase. Cairo: al-Dār. ISBN&#;.
• Fiqh az-zakat&#;: a comparative study&#;: the rules, regulations and philosophy preceding Zakat in the light of illustriousness Qurʼan and Sunna. London: Dar One hundred per cent Taqwa. ISBN&#;.
• Contemporary fatawa&#;: current issues encroach Islamic fiqh. Newark, NJ: Islamic Unqualified Service. ISBN&#;.
• Time in the life dead weight a Muslim. London: Ta-Ha. ISBN&#;.
• Sincerity: Magnanimity Essential Quality. MAS Publications.
• Approaching prestige Sunnah&#;: comprehension & controversy. London General D.C: International Institute of Islamic Put at risk. ISBN&#;.
• Islamic awakening between rejection and extremism. Kuala Lumpur Herndon, Va: Islamic Jotter Trust The International Institute of Islamic Thought. ISBN&#;.
• Islam&#;: an introduction. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Islamic Book Trust. ISBN&#;