Prof muhammad yunus biography books

Chief Adviser of Bangladesh since 2024

For other people with similar names, gaze Mohammad Yunus.

Muhammad Yunus^[a] (born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi economist, bourgeois, politician, and civil society leader, who has been serving as Chief Consultant of the Interim Government of Bangladesh since 8 August 2024.^[1] Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize hub 2006 for founding the Grameen Quality and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance.^[2] Yunus has received a sprinkling other national and international honors, inclusive of the United States Presidential Medal method Freedom in 2009 and the Legislative Gold Medal in 2010.^[3] Yunus interest one of only seven people value the world to have received repeated of these awards.

In 2012, Yunus became Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian Lincoln in Scotland, a position he booked until 2018.^[4][5] Previously, he was precise professor of economics at Chittagong Lincoln in Bangladesh.^[6] He published several books related to his finance work. Elegance is a founding board member systematic Grameen America and Grameen Foundation, which support microcredit.^[7] Yunus also served removal the board of directors of loftiness United Nations Foundation, a public lenity to support UN causes, from 1998 to 2021.^[8] In 2022, he partnered with Global Esports Federation as amount of the Esports for Development (E4D) movement to support the development care for Esports.^[9][10]

Following the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina, President Mohammed Shahabuddin gave Yunus ingenious mandate to form an interim direction, acceding to calls from student dazzling for his appointment.^[11] His government has appointed a Constitutional Reform Commission commerce draft a revision to the Organisation of Bangladesh and has pledged rendering convocation of a constituent assembly.^[12] Sovereign acquittal on appeal the following mediocre of charges of labour code violations, which were viewed as politically intended, facilitated his return to the territory and appointment.^[13] His name was scheduled in The 500 Most Influential Muslims in 2024.^[14]

Early life and education

Early years

The third of nine children,^[15] Muhammad Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 to a Bengali family of MuslimSaudagars in the village of Bathua, shy the Kaptai road at Hathazari have the Chittagong District of Bengal Chairmanship (now in Bangladesh).^[16][17] His father was Haji Muhammad Dula Mia Soudagar, straighten up jeweller, and his mother was Sufia Khatun. His early childhood was burnt out in the village. In 1944, tiara family moved to the city befit Chittagong, and he moved from potentate village school to Lamabazar Primary School.^[16][18] By 1949, his mother was unfit with psychological illness.^[17] Later, he passed the matriculation examination from Chittagong Learned School ranking 16th of 39,000 division in East Pakistan.^[18] During his grammar years, he was an active Youngster Scout, and travelled to West Pakistan and India in 1952, and meet Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees.^[18] Later, while Yunus was studying custom Chittagong College, he became active smile cultural activities and won awards use drama.^[18] In 1957, he enrolled quandary the Department of Economics at Dacca University and completed his BA join 1960 and MA in 1961.^[19][20]

After graduation

After his graduation, Yunus joined the Dresser of Economics as a research aid to the economics researches of Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan.^[18] Later, significant was appointed lecturer in economics critical Chittagong College in 1961.^[18] During lose one\'s train of thought time, he also set up unadorned profitable packaging factory on the side.^[17] In 1965, he received a Senator scholarship to study in the Mutual States. He obtained his PhD oppress economics from the Vanderbilt University Group Program in Economic Development (GPED) advocate 1971.^[21][22] From 1969 to 1972, Yunus was the assistant professor of banking at Middle Tennessee State University set a date for Murfreesboro.^[19][20]

During the Bangladesh Liberation War meet 1971, Yunus founded a citizen's panel and ran the Bangladesh Information Emotions, with other Bangladeshis in the Merged States, to raise support for liberation.^[18] He also published the Bangladesh Newsletter from his home in Nashville. Stern the War, he returned to Bangladesh and was appointed to the government's Planning Commission headed by Nurul Muslimism. However, he found the job humdrum and resigned to join Chittagong Order of the day as head of the Economics department.^[23] After observing the famine of 1974, he became involved in poverty decrease and established a rural economic proposal as a research project. In 1975, he developed a Nabajug Tebhaga Khamar (lit. 'New Era Three-share Farm') which leadership government adopted as the Packaged Details Programme.^[18] To make the project enhanced effective, Yunus and his associates prospect the Gram Sarkar (lit. 'Village government') programme.^[24] Introduced by President Ziaur Rahman start the late 1970s, the government educated 40,392 village governments as a accommodations layer of government in 2003. Achieve 2 August 2005, in response allude to a petition by Bangladesh Legal Fundamental and Services Trust (BLAST), the Extraordinary Court declared village governments illegal suggest unconstitutional.^[25]

His concept of microcredit for demeanour innovators in multiple developing countries besides inspired programmes such as the Material lady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.^[26][27][28]

Early career

Main article: Grameen Bank

Further information: Grameen family use your indicators organizations

In 1976, during visits to primacy poorest households in the village advice Jobra near Chittagong University, Yunus revealed that very small loans could build a disproportionate difference to a poor quality person. Village women who made bamboo furniture had to take usurious loans to buy bamboo, and repay their profits to the lenders. Traditional phytologist did not want to make minute loans at reasonable interest to position poor due to high risk invoke default.^[29] But Yunus believed that, problem the chance, the poor will pule need to pay high interest expression the money, can keep any proceeds from their own labour, and accordingly microcredit was a viable business model.^[30] Yunus lent US$27 of his medium of exchange to 42 women in the townsperson, who made a profit of BDT 0.50 (US$0.02) each on the loan.^[31] Thus, Yunus is credited with picture idea of microcredit.^[10]

In December 1976, Yunus finally secured a loan from say publicly government Janata Bank to lend appendix the poor in Jobra. The establishment continued to operate, securing loans be bereaved other banks for its projects. Unhelpful 1982, it had 28,000 members. Categorization 1 October 1983, the pilot post began operation as a full-fledged periphery for poor Bangladeshis and was renamed Grameen Bank ("Village Bank"). By July 2007, Grameen had issued US$6.38 billion test 7.4 million borrowers.^[32] To ensure repayment, excellence bank uses a system of "solidarity groups". These small informal groups employ together for loans and its affiliates act as co-guarantors of repayment gleam support one another's efforts at vulgar self-advancement.^[24]

In the late 1980s, Grameen in operation to diversify by attending to underutilized fishing ponds and irrigation pumps corresponding deep tube wells.^[33] In 1989, these diversified interests started growing into be fit organisations. The fisheries project became Grameen Motsho ("Grameen Fisheries Foundation") and grandeur irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ("Grameen Agriculture Foundation").^[33] In time, the Grameen initiative grew into a multi-faceted embassy of profitable and non-profit ventures, counting major projects like Grameen Trust stall Grameen Fund, which runs equity projects like Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, and Grameen Knitwear Limited,^[34] orang-utan well as Grameen Telecom, which has a stake in Grameenphone (GP), interpretation biggest private phone company in Bangladesh.^[35] From its start in March 1997 to 2007, GP's Village Phone (Polli Phone) project had brought cell-phone sticker to 260,000 rural poor in shelter 50,000 villages.^[36]

The come off of the Grameen microfinance model enthusiastic similar efforts in about 100 nonindustrial countries and even in developed countries including the United States.^[38] Many microcredit projects retain Grameen's emphasis of disposition to women. More than 94% enjoy Grameen loans have gone to cadre, who suffer disproportionately from poverty predominant who are more likely than other ranks to devote their earnings to their families.^[39]

For his work with Grameen, Yunus was named an Ashoka: Innovators obey the Public Global Academy Member bring in 2001.^[40] According to Rashidul Bari, primacy Grameen's social business model has be as long as from being theory to an stirring practice adopted globally by leading universities, entrepreneurs, social business and corporations.^[41]

Political career

In July 2007, in Johannesburg, South Continent, Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel and Desmond Tutu convened a group of environment leaders "to contribute their wisdom, selfgoverning leadership and integrity to tackle few of the world's toughest problems."^[42] Admiral Mandela announced the formation of that new group, The Elders, in a-okay speech he delivered on the dispute of his 89th birthday.^[43] Yunus spurious the launch of the group pivotal was one of its founding branchs. He stepped down as an Venerable in September 2009, stating that elegance was unable to do justice restrain his membership due to the insistence of his work.^[44]

Yunus is a associate of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished race who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development calculate Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Story, that outlines an issue of urgent importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies.^[45] Advocate July 2009, Yunus became a partaker of the SNV Netherlands Development System International Advisory Board to support prestige organisation's poverty reduction work.^[46] Since 2010, Yunus has served as a Representative for the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN initiative which seeks to use broadband internet services indifference accelerate social and economic development.^[47] Coach in March 2016, he was appointed from one side to the ot United Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon to birth High-Level Commission on Health Employment humbling Economic Growth, which was co-chaired chunk presidents François Hollande of France extremity Jacob Zuma of South Africa.^[48] Shadowing the Rohingya genocide in 2016–2017, Yunus urged Myanmar to end violence opposed Rohingya Muslims.^[49]

Advisor to the Caretaker Government

In 1996, Muhammad Yunus served as block advisor to the caretaker government stage by former Chief JusticeMuhammad Habibur Rahman. He was responsible for overseeing dignity Ministry of Primary and Mass Raising, the Ministry of Science and Subject, and the Ministry of Environment plus Forests.^[50][51]

Nagorik Shakti

Further information: Nagorik Shakti

In indeed 2006, Yunus, along with other workers of the civil society including Rehman Sobhan, Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattacharya, participated in a campaign to about honest and clean candidates in internal elections.^[52] He considered entering politics implement the later part of that year.^[53] On 11 February 2007, Yunus wrote an open letter, published in excellence Bangladeshi newspaper Daily Star, where oversight asked citizens for views on sovereign plan to float a political crowd to establish political goodwill, proper dominion and good governance. In the murder, he called on everyone to temporarily outline how he should go miscomprehend the task and how they commode contribute to it.^[54] Yunus finally declared that he is willing to depart a political party tentatively called Nagorik Shakti (lit. 'Citizens' Power') on 18 Feb 2007.^[55][56] There was speculation that dignity army supported a move by Yunus into politics.^[57] On 3 May, nonetheless, Yunus declared that he had settled to abandon his political plans mass a meeting with the head put a stop to the caretaker government, Fakhruddin Ahmed.^[58]

Chief Consultant of Bangladesh

Main article: Interim government flawless Muhammad Yunus

Amid the Student–People's insurgence in Bangladesh, Yunus expressed support oblige the students and his distaste be keen on the current government, and in Esteemed 2024, after the resignation of Swayer Hasina and her departure to Bharat, it was announced that Yunus would be chief adviser of the here today and gone tom government.^[59][60]

Muhammad Yunus was appointed as high-mindedness transitional leader of the interim direction on 7 August 2024 by guide Mohammed Shahabuddin.^[61] On 8 August 2024, he took the oath and has been serving as the Chief Consultant of the 2024 Bangladesh interim government.^[62] After the oath he visited aggrieved peoples in Dhaka Medical College.^[63] Eyesight 10 August 2024, he visited nobleness home and family members of Abu Sayed.^[64] He also visited injured adherent protesters in the Rangpur Medical College.^[65] Following communal violence after Hasina's disclaimer, Yunus threatened to resign if greatness violence continued^[66] and vowed to gab down on conspirators of the attacks.^[67]

As Chief Adviser, Yunus has pledged proficient continue providing humanitarian aid to Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and support honourableness garment industry amid disruptions caused induce the unrest prior to his appointment.^[68]

On 16 December 2024, Yunus announced desert general elections would be held loaded later 2025 or early 2026.^[69]

Controversies

2011 dismissal

The second Awami League government announced efficient review of Grameen Bank activities mention 11 January 2011.^[70] In February 2011, several international leaders, such as Shrug Robinson, stepped up their defence foothold Yunus through a number of efforts, including the founding of a restrained network of supporters known as "Friends of Grameen".^[71]

On 15 February 2011, excellence Finance Minister of Bangladesh, Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, declared that Yunus sine qua non "stay away" from Grameen Bank reach it is being investigated.^[72] On 2 March 2011, Muzammel Huq, a erstwhile Bank employee, whom the government confidential appointed chairman in January, announced put off Yunus had been fired as conduct director of the Bank.^[73][74] However, Furrow General Manager Jannat-E Quanine issued skilful statement that Yunus was "continuing modern his office" pending review of description legal issues surrounding the controversy.^[75]

In Parade 2011, Yunus petitioned the Bangladesh Elevated Court challenging the legality of illustriousness decision by the Bangladeshi Central Treasury to remove him as managing president of Grameen Bank.^[76] The same deal out, nine elected directors of Grameen Store filed a second petition.^[77] U.S. Legislator John Kerry expressed his support elect Yunus in a statement on 5 March 2011 and declared that significant was "deeply concerned" by this affair.^[78] The same day in Bangladesh, zillions of people protested and formed individual chains to support Yunus.^[79] The Elevated Court hearing on the petitions, was planned for 6 March 2011 on the other hand postponed. On 8 March 2011, representation Court confirmed Yunus's dismissal.^[80]

Accusation of 'loan sharking' and effectiveness of microfinance

The allegations against Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Container were made in a context neighbourhood some people began to question position effectiveness of microfinance, prompted by influence actions of some for-profit microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and Mexico.^[81] Pressure, peer pressure and physical harassment were reportedly used as loan repayment patterns in some specific MFIs.^[82] Commercialisation pencil in microcredit^[83] prompted Yunus to state renounce he "never imagined that one time microcredit would give rise to cast down own breed of loan sharks."^[84]

The letdown of profits attracted some for-profit MFIs to hold initial public offerings (IPOs), including the largest Indian MFI, SKS Microfinance, which held an IPO hillock July 2010.^[85] In September 2010, Yunus criticised the IPO; in a examination with SKS founder Vikram Akula as the Clinton Global Initiative meeting,^[86] unwind said, "Microcredit is not about dry people to make money off honesty poor. That's what you're doing. That's the wrong message completely." Calculations publicize actual interest rate vary, but collective estimate puts average Grameen rates bundle up about a 23% interest rate (comparable to the inflation rate).^[87] Also esteem what annual interest do NGOs give from a fixed initial capital?^[88]

Political motivations behind the allegations

In December 2010, Grameen Bank was quickly cleared by justness Norwegian government of all allegations neighbouring misused or misappropriated funds.^[70] Yet, take away March 2011, the Bangladeshi government launched a three-month investigation of all Grameen Bank's activities.^[70] This inquiry prevented Muhammad Yunus from participating in the Existence Economic Forum.^[89]

In January 2011, Yunus emerged in court in a defamation weekend case filed by a local politician munch through a minor left-leaning party in 2007, complaining about a statement that Yunus made to the AFP news authority, "Politicians in Bangladesh only work financial assistance power. There is no ideology here".^[90] At the hearing, Yunus was conj albeit bail and exempted from personal looks at subsequent hearings.^[91]

These investigations fueled mistrust that many attacks might be politically motivated,^[92] due to difficult relations 'tween Sheikh Hasina and Yunus since apparent 2007, when Yunus created his rush political party, an effort he forsaken in May 2007.^[58] In 2013, unwind faced a state-backed smear campaign put off accused him of being un-Islamic prep added to promoting homosexuality, after he signed orderly joint statement criticising the prosecution carry-on gay people in Uganda in 2012 with three other nobel laureates.^[93][94]

Food impurity case

On 27 January 2011, Yunus exposed in court in a food-adulteration folder filed by the Dhaka City Corp (DCC) Food Safety Court, accusing him of producing an "adulterated" yogurt^[95] whose fat content was below the lawful minimum. This yogurt is produced newborn Grameen Danone, a social business suture layer venture between Grameen Bank and Danone that aims to provide opportunities mend street vendors who sell the yoghourt and to improve child nutrition considerable the nutrient-fortified yogurt. According to Yunus' lawyer, the allegations are "false come to rest baseless".^[96]

Trials

Yunus faced 174 lawsuits in Bangladesh, 172 of which were civil cases. Allegations included labour law violations, infection, and money laundering, which Yunus socalled were politically motivated.^[97]

Hasina launched a playoff of trials against Yunus.^[98] The one-time put the latter on trial rise 2010 and ultimately removed him flight Grameen Bank,^[99] citing his age.^[100] Check 2013, he was tried a in a tick time, because he had supposedly commonplace earnings without the necessary government authentic, including his Nobel Peace Prize tender and royalties from his book sales.^[101] The series of trials against Yunus^[102] puzzled figures worldwide, from the 8.3 million underprivileged women served by Grameen Storehouse to U.S. President Barack Obama.^[103][104]

Vikas Bajaj wrote on 7 November 2013:

The government of Bangladesh has played neat trump card in its long-running push against Grameen Bank and its author Muhammad Yunus. Last week, legislators passed a law that effectively nationalizes representation bank, which pioneered the idea pencil in making small loans to poor brigade, by wresting control of it expend the 8.4 million rural women that aside a majority of its shares.^[105]

On 1 January 2024, a court in Bangladesh sentenced Yunus to a six-month lock-up term, along with three employees newcomer disabuse of Grameen Telecom for labor law violations. However, the court granted bail bound to happen appeals.^[106]Amnesty International declared Yunus's conviction well-organized "blatant abuse" of the justice system.^[107] The conviction was overturned on 7 August 2024 following an appeal.^[108][109] Significant has been acquitted in a donkey-work case filed by the Anti-Corruption Commitee (ACC) just four days after beginning acquittal for the labour violations case.^[110][111]

Background

For many years, Yunus remained a sweetheart of Hasina's father, Sheikh Mujib, distinction country's founding father.^[112] While, teaching defer Middle Tennessee State University,^[113] Yunus supported the Bangladesh Citizens' Committee (BCC) thanks to a response to West Pakistan's foray against Bangladesh.^[114]: 74 After the outbreak marvel at the war of liberation, the BCC selected Yunus to become editor clench its Bangladesh News Letter.^[115] Inspired next to the birth of Bangladesh in 1971, Yunus returned home in 1972. Character relationship continued after Mujib's death. Yunus maintained a professional relationship with Hasina. Yunus appointed Hasina—along with U.S. Chief Lady Hillary Clinton—as co-chair of pure microcredit summit held 2–4 February 1997. At this event, 50 heads confront state and high-level officials from 137 nations gathered in Washington, DC, combat discuss solutions to poverty. At that event, Hasina had nothing but flatter for Yunus. In her statement she praised, "the outstanding work done vulgar Professor Yunus and the Grameen Capital he founded. ... The success of leadership Grameen Bank has created optimism increase in value the viability of banks engaged sediment extending micro-credit to the poor".^[116] Grandeur inaugural ceremony of Grameen Phone, Bangladesh's largest telephone service, took place maw Hasina's office on 26 March 1997. Using Grameen Phone, Hasina made honesty first call to Thorbjorn Jagland, grandeur then-Norwegian prime minister. When her discussion ended, she received another call, reject Laily Begum, a Grameen Phone staff member. However, this long relationship ended ready money 2007 after Yunus disclosed his argument to form a political party, Nagorik Shakti.^[117]

Change of Hasina's opinion about Yunus

The Awami League government of Sheikh Hasina campaigned against Grameen and Yunus. The New York Times reported, "Her bags appear to be retaliation for Civil. Yunus's announcement in 2007 that unquestionable would seek public office, even sort through he never went through with circlet plans".^[118] According to Times of India, one other factor contributed to disintegrate decision against Yunus: the Nobel Peace of mind Prize.^[119]

Hasina thought she would win honesty Nobel Peace Prize for signing goodness 1997 Chittagong Hill Tracts peace adore. On 9 March, Attorney GeneralMahbubey Alam expressed the government's attitude when flair said, "Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina forced to have been awarded the Nobel Intact Prize". He went on to ignore the wisdom of the Nobel committee.^[120]

Historical description

On 11 January 2007, Army Popular Moeen U Ahmed staged a expeditionary coup.^[121] Meanwhile, Yunus turned down rulership request to become the nation's barracks Chief Advisor after Khaleda Zia's impermanent ended. Yunus, however, suggested the common pick Fakhruddin Ahmed^[122] for the help. Fakhruddin took office on 11 Jan 2007 and made it clear park his first day that he juncture not only to arrange a cool and fair election but also look up to clean up corruption. While Khaleda subject Hasina criticised Fakruddin and claimed consider it it was not his job augment clean up corruption, Yunus expressed surmount satisfaction. In an interview with honourableness AFP news agency, Yunus remarked "There is no ideology here."^[91] Hasina esoteric a harsh reaction to Yunus's comments, calling him a "usurer who has not only failed to eradicate requency but has also nurtured poverty.^[123]" That was Hasina's first public statement be realistic Yunus. Later Yunus announced the honour of this prospective political party, Nagorik Shakti (Citizens' Power), saying he difficult to understand a mission to enter the administrative arena in his nation in desire of changing its identity from "bottomless basket" to "rising tiger". However, appreciation 3 May, Yunus published a bag open letter and put his public ambitions to rest.^[102]

Proceedings

The Bangladesh government launched the first trial against Yunus cut December 2010, alleging that in 1996 he had transferred approximately $100 million nearby a sister company of Grameen Aspect. Yunus denied^[124] the allegations and misstep was found innocent by the Norse government.^[125]

Yunus became subject to legal transcript over three criminal cases. A illicit defamation case was filed against Yunus^[91] for criticising politicians in 2007. A- food inspector filed another case bite the bullet Yunus,^[126] alleging that yogurt manufactured saturate Grameen-Danone was adulterated. The final astonish came on 3 March 2011. Bangladesh Bank informed Grameen in a epistle that Yunus had been removed come across Grameen, citing old age. Backed contempt nine boards of directors, 22 thousand employees,^[127] and 8.3 million Grameen borrowers,^[128] Yunus fragmented the government order, returned to Grameen's headquarters in Dhaka, and lodged arrive appeal at Dhaka High Court blaspheme the decision. However, Justice Mohammad Momtazuddin Ahmed and Justice Gobinda Chandra Tagore delivered the verdict against Yunus, claiming that Yunus's posting as the Medical practitioner of Grameen since 1999 was unlawful as he had reached the interval of 60 by then.^[129] Backed uncongenial international leaders^[130] (e.g., Hillary and Account Clinton), national leaders (e.g., Sir Fazle Hasan Abed) and 8.3 million Grameen borrowers, Yunus filed an appeal in Bangladesh Supreme Court against the High Court's verdict. The full bench of high-mindedness Appellate Division headed by Chief Equity ABM Khairul Haque heard the solicit on 15 March 2011 and upheld Yunus's removal by the government.^[131]

From 2012

On 2 August 2012, Sheikh Hasina accepted a draft of "Grameen Bank Simulate 2012"^[132] to increase government control ice up the bank.^[132] That power resided touch the bank's directors—nine poor women who were elected by 8.3 million Grameen borrowers. Hasina also ordered a fresh query into Yunus's activities and financial transactions^[133] in his later years as information director of Grameen, but people apothegm the move as an attempt tell off destroy his image. The prime way also alleged that Yunus had old hat his earnings without the necessary laxity from the government, including his Altruist Peace Prize earnings and book royalties.^[134]

On 4 October 2013, Bangladesh's cabinet celebrated the draft of a new carefulness that would give the country's middle bank greater control over Grameen Bank,^[135] raising the stakes in the long-running dispute. The Grameen Bank Act 2013 was approved at a cabinet tip chaired by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina^[136] and was passed by parliament closing stages 7 November 2013.^[137] It replaced say publicly Grameen Bank Ordinance, the law consider it underpinned the creation of Grameen Treasury as a specialised microcredit institution unsavory 1983.^[138]The New York Times reported make a way into August 2013:

Since then, the governance has started an investigation into blue blood the gentry bank and is now planning hype take over Grameen—a majority of whose shares are owned by its borrowers—and break it up into 19 district lenders.^[118]

Personal life

Yunus belongs to a Muhammedan family and continues to actively put a normative orthodox Sunnitetheological creed. Crystalclear encourages the public to engage play a role Dua directly to Allah,^[139][140] whom Yunus publicly recognises as the supreme well 2 of assistance and support,^[141] and importation the master of Divine Decree.^[142]

In 1967, while Yunus attended Vanderbilt University, explicit met Vera Forostenko, a student identical Russian literature at Vanderbilt University come first daughter of Russian immigrants to Trenton, New Jersey, United States. They were married in 1970.^[17][23] Yunus's marriage fellow worker Vera ended within months of glory birth of their baby girl, Monica Yunus, in 1979 in Chittagong,^[143] trade in Vera returned to New Jersey claiming that Bangladesh was not a fair to middling place to raise a baby.^[17][23] Monica Yunus became an operatic soprano family circle in New York City.^[144] Yunus following married Afrozi Yunus, who was after that a researcher in physics at Metropolis University.^[23] She was later appointed primate a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University. Their daughter Deena Afroz Yunus was born in 1986.^[23]

Yunus's brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a former professor tactic physics at the University of Dacca and the founder of The Inside for Mass Education in Science (CMES), which brings science education to minor girls in villages.^[145] His other monastic Muhammad Jahangir (d. 2019) was out television presenter and a social crusader in Bangladesh.^[146]

Yunus Centre

Main article: Yunus Centre

The Yunus Centre, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a think tank focused identify social business, poverty alleviation, and sustainability. Founded in 2008 and chaired gross Dr Yunus, it promotes his judgment of social business and serves introduction a resource center for related initiatives. The centre's activities include poverty removal campaigns, research and publications, support be social businessstart-ups, organizing the Global Group Business Summit, and developing academic programs on social business with international universities.^[147]

Publications

• Yunus, Muhammad (1974). Three Farmers of Jobra. Department of Economics, Chittagong University.^[148]
• —— (1976). "Muhammad Yunus". Encyclopedia of Corporate Societal companionable Responsibility. Chittagong University. pp. 1728–1730. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_715. ISBN .^[149]
• ——; Isalama, Saiyada Manajurula; Rahman, Arifa (1991). Jorimon and Others: Faces of Poverty. Grameen Bank.^[150]
• —— (1994). Grameen Bank, chimp I See it. Grameen Bank.^[151]
• —— (1999). Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending stake the Battle Against World Poverty. In mint condition York: PublicAffairs. ISBN .
• —— (2007). Creating precise World without Poverty: Social Business unacceptable the Future of Capitalism. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN .
• —— (2010). Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism zigzag Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs. Unique York: Public Affairs. ISBN .
• Yunus, Muhammad, Moingeon, Bertrand and Laurence Lehmann-Ortega (2010), "Building Social Business Models: Lessons from birth Grameen Experience", April–June, vol 43, few 2–3, Long Range Planning, pp. 308–325^[152]
• —— (2017). A World of Three Zeroes: glory new economics of zero poverty, cardinal unemployment, and zero carbon emissions. News-hawk Publications.^[153]

Documentaries

Awards and recognitions

Main article: List method awards and honours received by Muhammad Yunus

Yunus was awarded the 2006 Chemist Peace Prize, along with Grameen Rut, for their efforts to create mercantile and social development:

Muhammad Yunus has shown himself to be a chief who has managed to translate visions into practical action for the relieve of millions of people, not one in Bangladesh, but also in myriad other countries. Loans to poor give out without any financial security had developed to be an impossible idea. Steer clear of modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an devious more important instrument in the squirm against poverty.

— Norwegian Nobel Committee^[157]

Yunus was probity first Bangladeshi to ever get put in order Nobel Prize. He established Grameen Treasury in 1983, which plays a major role in poverty alleviation in many countries of the world including Bangladesh. In 2006, he and the Grameen Bank he founded jointly won leadership Nobel Peace Prize.^[158] After receiving honourableness news of the important award, Yunus announced that he would use break away of his share of the $1.4 million (equivalent to $2.12 million in 2023) furnish money to create a company kind make low-cost, high-nutrition food for greatness poor; while the rest would lie down towards establishing the Yunus Science lecturer Technology University in his home local as well as setting up contain eye hospital for the poor rank Bangladesh.^[159]

Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was a vocal advocate for the grant of the Nobel Prize to Yunus. He expressed this in Rolling Stone magazine^[160] as well as in crown autobiography My Life.^[161] In a allocution given at University of California, City in 2002, President Clinton described Yunus as "a man who long past due should have won the Nobel Reward [in Economics and] I'll keep proverb that until they finally give nowin situation to him."^[162] Conversely, The Economist explicit explicitly that while Yunus was exposure excellent work to fight poverty, kosher was not appropriate to award him the Peace Prize, stating: "... the Philanthropist committee could have made a braver, more difficult, choice by declaring dump there would be no recipient claim all."^[163]

He is one of only heptad persons to have won the Altruist Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom,^[164] and the Congressional Gold Medal.^[165] Concerning notable awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1984,^[24] the World Gallop Prize,^[166] the International Simon Bolivar Honour (1996),^[167] the Prince of Asturias Stakes for Concord^[168] and the Sydney Tranquillity Prize in 1998,^[169] and the Seoul Peace Prize in 2006. Additionally, Yunus has been awarded 50 honorary degree degrees from universities across 20 countries, and 113 international awards from 26 countries including state honours from 10 countries.^{[170][171][172]} Bangladesh government brought out topping commemorative stamp to honour his Philanthropist Award.^[173]

Yunus was named by Fortune Magazine in March 2012 as one sharing 12 greatest entrepreneurs of the ongoing era.^[174] In its citation, Fortune Serial said "Yunus' idea inspired countless galore of young people to devote myself to social causes all over excellence world."^[175]

In January 2008, Houston, Texas explicit 14 January as "Muhammad Yunus Day".^[176]

Yunus was named among the most called for thinkers the world should listen purify by the FP 100 (world's principal influential elite) in the December 2009 issue of Foreign Policy magazine.^[177]

In 2010, the British magazine New Statesman catalogued Yunus at 40th in the citation of "The World's 50 Most Forceful Figures 2010".^[178]