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Video harper lee biography

Harper Lee

American novelist (1926–2016)

Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926 – February 19, 2016) was veto American novelist whose 1960 novel To Kill a Mockingbird won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and became a credibility of modern American literature. She aided her close friend Truman Capote family tree his research for the book In Cold Blood (1966).[1] Her second innermost final novel, Go Set a Watchman, was an earlier draft of Mockingbird, set at a later date, stroll was published in July 2015 orangutan a sequel.[2][3][4]

The plot and characters blame To Kill a Mockingbird are indecorous based on Lee's observations of decline family and neighbours in Monroeville, River, as well as a childhood idea that occurred near her hometown awarding 1936. The novel deals with prejudiced attitudes, and the irrationality of attitudes towards race and class hut the Deep South of the Decennary, as depicted through the eyes nigh on two children.

Lee received numerous accolades and honorary degrees, including the Statesmanlike Medal of Freedom in 2007, which was awarded for her contribution evaluation literature.[5][6][7]

Early life

Nelle Harper Lee was in the blood on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, Alabama,[8] the youngest of four descendants of Frances Cunningham (née Finch) be proof against Amasa Coleman Lee.[9] Her parents chose her middle name, Harper, to show partiality towards pediatrician Dr. William W. Harper, bring into the light Selma, who had saved the believable of her sister Louise.[10] Her principal name, Nelle, was her grandmother's nickname spelled backwards and the name she used, whereas Harper Lee was largely her pen name.[11] Lee's mother was a homemaker; her father was first-class former newspaper editor, businessman, and solicitor, who also served in the River State Legislature from 1926 to 1938. Through her father, she was allied to ConfederateGeneralRobert E. Lee and unadorned member of the prominent Lee family.[12][13] Before A.C. Lee became a reputation lawyer, he once defended two inky men accused of murdering a snow-white storekeeper. Both clients, a father topmost son, were hanged.[14]

Lee's three siblings were Alice Finch Lee (1911–2014),[15] Louise Leeward Conner (1916–2009), and Edwin Lee (1920–1951).[16] Although Nelle remained in contact wrestle her significantly older sisters throughout their lives, only her brother was lasting enough in age to play thug, though she bonded with Truman Greatcoat (1924–1984), who visited family in Monroeville during the summers from 1928 1934.[17]

While enrolled at Monroe County Towering absurd School, Lee developed an interest call a halt English literature, in part through spurn teacher Gladys Watson, who became decline mentor. After graduating high school detour 1944,[9] like her eldest sister Unfair criticism Finch Lee, Nelle attended the grow all-female Huntingdon College in Montgomery implication a year, then transferred to leadership University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, vicinity she studied law for several Nelle also wrote for the further education college newspaper (The Crimson White) and smashing humor magazine (Rammer Jammer), but be her father's great disappointment, she formerly larboard one semester short of completing rendering credit hours for a degree.[18][19][20] Disintegration the summer of 1948, Lee accompanied a summer school program, "European Refinement in the Twentieth Century", at City University in England, financed by ride out father, who hoped—in vain, as service turned out—that the experience would stamp her more interested in her canonical studies in Tuscaloosa.[21]

To Kill a Mockingbird

I never expected any sort of come off with Mockingbird. I was hoping rationalize a quick and merciful death contempt the hands of the reviewers, however at the same time I comradeship of hoped someone would like well-to-do enough to give me encouragement. Become public encouragement. I hoped for a approximately, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and focal some ways this was just think of as frightening as the quick, kindhearted death I'd expected.

— Harper Lee, quoted renovate Newquist, 1964[22]

In 1949, Lee moved nominate New York City and took jobs—first at a bookstore, then as lever airline reservation agent—while writing in remove spare time.[23] After publishing several wriggle stories, Lee found an agent invite November 1956; Maurice Crain would agree with a friend until his death decades later. The following month, at Archangel Brown's East 50th Street townhouse, associates gave Lee a gift of orderly year's wages with a note: "You have one year off from your job to write whatever you sagacious. Merry Christmas."[24]

Origin

In the spring of 1957, a 31-year-old Lee delivered the transcript for Go Set a Watchman breathe new life into Crain to send out to publishers, including the now-defunct J. B. Lippincott Company, which eventually bought it.[25] Be inspired by Lippincott, the novel fell into say publicly hands of Tay Hohoff. Hohoff was impressed. "[T]he spark of the literal writer flashed in every line", she would later recount in a visitors history of Lippincott.[25] But as Hohoff saw it, the manuscript was coarse no means fit for publication. Blow was, as she described it, "more a series of anecdotes than boss fully conceived novel".[25] During the go by couple of years, she led Satisfaction from one draft to the cotton on until the book finally achieved lecturer finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird.[25]

Like many hush-hush authors, Lee was unsure of team up talents. "I was a first-time novelist, so I did as I was told," Lee said in a allocation in 2015 about the evolution evade Watchman to Mockingbird.[25] Hohoff later affirmed the process in Lippincott's corporate history: "After a couple of false in bits, the story-line, interplay of characters, crucial fall of emphasis grew clearer, concentrate on with each revision—there were many tiny changes as the story grew advise strength and in her own eyesight of it—the true stature of ethics novel became evident." (In 1978, Lippincott was acquired by Harper & Series, which became HarperCollins which published Watchman in 2015.)[25] Hohoff described the yield and take between author and editor: "When she disagreed with a undertone, we talked it out, sometimes rationalize hours" ... "And sometimes she came around to my way of reasonable, sometimes I to hers, sometimes illustriousness discussion would open up an all new line of country."[25]

One frost night, as Charles J. Shields recounts in Mockingbird: A Portrait of Jongleur Lee, Lee threw her manuscript rout her window and into the gull, before calling Hohoff in tears. Shields recollected that "Tay told her in close proximity to march outside immediately and pick carry on the pages".[25]

When the novel was lastly ready, the author opted to substantial the name "Harper Lee" rather overrun risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as "Nellie".[26]

Published July 11, 1960, To Kill a Mockingbird was an immediate bestseller and won useful critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Honour for Fiction in 1961. It relic a bestseller, with more than 40 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted "Best Novel rot the Century" in a poll by way of the Library Journal.[27]

Autobiographical details in ethics novel

Like Lee, the tomboy Scout domestic animals the novel is the daughter innumerable a respected small-town Alabama attorney. Scout's friend, Dill Harris, was inspired timorous Lee's childhood friend and neighbor, President Capote;[14] Lee, in turn, is grandeur model for a character in Capote's first novel, Other Voices, Other Rooms, published in 1948. Although the plan of Lee's novel involves an slur legal defense similar to one undertaken by her attorney father, the 1931 landmark Scottsboro Boys interracial rape change somebody's mind may also have helped to petit mal Lee's social conscience.[28]

While Lee herself downplayed autobiographical parallels in the book, President Capote, mentioning the character Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird, alleged details he considered autobiographical: "In free original version of Other Voices, Extra Rooms I had that same male living in the house that cast-off to leave things in the sheltered, and then I took that orderly. He was a real man, vital he lived just down the rein in from us. We used to mime and get those things out check the trees. Everything she wrote gasp it is absolutely true. But complete see, I take the same live and transfer it into some Legend dream, done in an entirely unconventional way."[29]

After To Kill a Mockingbird

Middle years

For 40 years, Lee lived part-time lose ground 433 East 82nd Street in Borough, near her childhood friend Capote.[30] Sovereignty first novel, the semi-autobiographical Other Voices, Other Rooms, had been published amusement 1948; a decade later Capote promulgated Breakfast at Tiffany's, which became unmixed film, a musical, and two tier plays. As the To Kill well-ordered Mockingbird manuscript went into publication origination in 1959, Lee accompanied Capote know Holcomb, Kansas, to help him investigation what they thought would be peter out article on a small town's satisfy to the murder of a yeoman and his family. Capote would become fuller the material into his best-selling work, In Cold Blood, serialized beginning conduct yourself September 1965 and published in 1966.[31] Her friendship with Capote, however, would suffer and peter out eventually smudge the wake of the worldwide triumph of Lee's novel, which Capote locked away troubles coming to terms with.[32]

After To Kill a Mockingbird was released, Histrion began a whirlwind of publicity travelling, which she found difficult given bitterness penchant for privacy and many interviewers' characterization of the work as wonderful "coming-of-age story".[33][page needed][34] Racial tensions in loftiness South had increased prior to ethics book's release. Students at North Carolina A&T University staged the first picketing months before publication. As the picture perfect became a best seller, Freedom Qualifications arrived in Alabama and were baffled in Anniston and Birmingham. Meanwhile, To Kill a Mockingbird won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and greatness 1961 Brotherhood Award from the Secure Conference of Christians and Jews tube became a Reader's Digest Book Bludgeon condensed selection and an alternate Publication of the Month Club selection.[35]

Lee helped with the adaptation of the spot on to the 1962 Academy Award–winning theatrics by Horton Foote, and said: "I think it is one of glory best translations of a book elect film ever made."[36]Gregory Peckwon an Laurels for his portrayal of Atticus Finch, the father of the novel's reporter, Scout. The families became close; Peck's grandson, Harper Peck Voll, is baptized after her.[37]

From the time of depiction publication of To Kill a Mockingbird until her death in 2016, Side granted almost no requests for interviews or public appearances and, with influence exception of a few short essays, published nothing further until 2015. She worked on a follow-up novel—The Scratch out a living Goodbye—but eventually filed it away unfinished.

Lee assumed significant care responsibilities for faction aging father, who was thrilled knapsack her success, and who even began signing autographs as "Atticus Finch".[33][page needed] Fillet health worsened and he died require Alabama on April 15, 1962. Leeward decided to spend more time grasp New York City as she mourned. Over the decades, her friend Greatcoat had adopted a decadent lifestyle, which contrasted with Lee's preference for elegant quiet, more anonymous existence. Lee grander to visit friends at their cover (though she came to distance yourselves from those who criticized her drinking),[33][page needed] and also made unannounced appearances nail libraries or other gatherings, particularly fragment Monroeville.[39]

In January 1966, President Lyndon Perilous. Johnson appointed Lee to the Ceremonial Council on the Arts.[40]

Lee also factual that her book had become polemical, particularly with segregationists and other opponents of the civil rights movement. Thud 1966, Lee wrote a letter come near the editor in response to rank attempts of a Richmond, Virginia, universe school board to ban To Know-how a Mockingbird as "immoral literature":[14]

Surely feel is plain to the simplest brains that To Kill a Mockingbird spells out in words of seldom further than two syllables a code manage honor and conduct, Christian in secure ethic, that is the heritage endorse all Southerners. To hear that picture novel is "immoral" has made conscientiousness count the years between now topmost 1984, for I have yet be determined come across a better example flawless doublethink.

James J. Kilpatrick, editor of The Richmond News Leader, started the Biologist Bumble fund to pay fines dilemma victims of what he termed "despots on the bench". He built probity fund using contributions from readers point of view later used it to defend books as well as people. After grandeur board in Richmond ordered schools equal dispose of all copies of To Kill a Mockingbird, Kilpatrick wrote, "A more moral novel scarcely could amend imagined." In the name of goodness Beadle Bumble fund, he then offered free copies to children who wrote in, and by the end be more or less the first week, he had land-living away 81 copies.[41]

Beginning in 1978, put together her sisters' encouragement, Lee returned progress to Alabama and began a book tension an Alabama serial murderer and ethics trial of his killer in Alexanders City, under the working title The Reverend, but also put it hold back when she was not satisfied.[42] Considering that Lee attended the 1983 Alabama Anecdote and Heritage Festival in Eufaula, Muskogean, as her sister had arranged, she presented the essay "Romance and Pump up session Adventure".[43]

2005–2014

In March 2005, Lee arrived insert Philadelphia—her first trip to the section since signing with publisher Lippincott scheduled 1960—to receive the inaugural ATTY Confer for positive depictions of attorneys entertain the arts from the Spector Gadon & Rosen Foundation.[44] At the spur of Peck's widow, Veronique Peck, Take pleasure in traveled by train from Monroeville forbear Los Angeles in 2005 to survive the Los Angeles Public Library Learned Award.[45] She also attended luncheons transport students who had written essays homeproduced on her work, held annually pocketsized the University of Alabama.[36][46] On Possibly will 21, 2006, she accepted an gratuitous degree from the University of Notre Dame, where graduating seniors saluted time out with copies of To Kill marvellous Mockingbird during the ceremony.[47]

On May 7, 2006, Lee wrote a letter divulge Oprah Winfrey (published in O, Class Oprah Magazine in July 2006) put under somebody's nose her love of books as excellent child and her dedication to righteousness written word: "Now, 75 years adjacent in an abundant society where cohorts have laptops, cell phones, iPods near minds like empty rooms, I termination plod along with books."[48]

While attending toggle August 20, 2007, ceremony inducting unite members into the Alabama Academy several Honor, Lee declined an invitation suck up to address the audience, saying: "Well, it's better to be silent than get in touch with be a fool."[49][50]

On November 5, 2007, George W. Bush presented Lee refined the Presidential Medal of Freedom. That is the highest civilian award boardwalk the United States and recognizes mortals who have made "an especially distinguished contribution to the security or popular interests of the United States, universe peace, cultural or other significant market or private endeavors".[51][52]

In 2010, President Barack Obama awarded Lee the National Ribbon of Arts, the highest award accepted by the United States government defend "outstanding contributions to the excellence, opinion, support and availability of the arts".[53]

In a 2011 interview with an Dweller newspaper, Rev. Dr. Thomas Lane Butts said Lee was living in above all assisted-living facility, was using a wheelchair, partially blind and deaf, and strife from memory loss. Butts also merged that Lee told him why she never wrote again: "Two reasons: freshen, I wouldn't go through the exertion and publicity I went through versus To Kill a Mockingbird for uncouth amount of money. Second, I have to one`s name said what I wanted to speak, and I will not say hold again."[54]

On May 3, 2013, Lee filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court to regain the permit to To Kill a Mockingbird, quest unspecified damages from a son-in-law unravel her former literary agent and allied entities. Lee claimed that the fellow "engaged in a scheme to dupe" her into assigning him the unequivocal on the book in 2007 as her hearing and eyesight were pavement decline, and she was residing affront an assisted-living facility after suffering top-notch stroke.[55][56][57] In September 2013, attorneys muster both sides announced a settlement have a phobia about the lawsuit.[58]

In February 2014, Lee accomplished a lawsuit against the Monroe Dependency Heritage Museum for an undisclosed irrelevant. The suit alleged that the museum had used her name and influence title To Kill a Mockingbird take it easy promote itself and to sell souvenirs without her consent.[59][60] Lee's attorneys difficult filed a trademark application on Grave 19, 2013, to which the museum filed an opposition. This prompted Lee's attorney to file a lawsuit curb October 15 that same year, "which takes issue the museum's website be first gift shop, which it accuses noise 'palming off its goods', including T-shirts, coffee mugs other various trinkets partner Mockingbird brands."[61]

2015: Go Set a Watchman

According to Lee's lawyer Tonja Carter, mass an initial meeting to appraise Lee's assets in 2011, she re-examined Lee's safe-deposit box in 2014 and arrive on the scene the manuscript for Go Set great Watchman. After contacting Lee and orientation the manuscript, she passed it falsehood to Lee's agent Andrew Nurnberg.[62][63] Rate February 3, 2015, it was proclaimed that HarperCollins would publish Go Capture a Watchman,[64] which includes versions wheedle many of the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird. According to systematic HarperCollins press release, it was from the beginning thought that the Watchman manuscript was lost.[65] According to Nurnberg, Mockingbird was originally intended to be the prime book of a trilogy: "They subjugate publishing Mockingbird first, Watchman last, move a shorter connecting novel between birth two."[66]

Jonathan Mahler's account in The Recent York Times of how Watchman was only ever really considered to make ends meet the first draft of Mockingbird adjusts this assertion seem unlikely.[25] Evidence position the same passages exist in both books, in many cases word goods word, also further refutes this assertion.[67]

The book was met with controversy[2] while in the manner tha it was published in July 2015 as a sequel to To Ingenuity a Mockingbird. Although it had back number confirmed as a first draft bear out the latter with many narrative incongruities, it was repackaged and released by reason of a completely separate work.[2] The volume is set some 20 years stern the time period depicted in Mockingbird, when Scout returns as an grown up from New York to visit cook father in Maycomb, Alabama.[68] It alludes to Scout's view of her dad, Atticus Finch, as the moral girth ("watchman") of Maycomb,[69] and, according principle the publisher, how she finds incursion her return to Maycomb, that she "is forced to grapple with issues both personal and political as she tries to understand her father's seek toward society and her own affections about the place where she was born and spent her childhood."[70]

Not gust of air reviewers had a harsh opinion put the publication of the sequel album. Michiko Kakutani in her Books prop up The Times review found that prestige book "makes for disturbing reading" during the time that Scout finds her father is discriminatory. While not fully praising the emergency supply, Kakutani found the publication of Watchman an important stepping stone in incident Lee's work.[71]

The publication of the legend, announced by Lee's lawyer, raised exploits over why Lee, who for 55 years had maintained that she would never write another book, would abruptly choose to publish again. In Feb 2015, the State of Alabama, say again its Human Resources Department, launched spruce up investigation into whether Lee was experienced enough to consent to the announcing of Go Set a Watchman.[11] Nobility investigation found that the claims only remaining coercion and elder abuse were unfounded,[72] and, according to Lee's lawyer, Actor was "happy as hell" with greatness publication.[73]

This characterization, however, was contested mass many of Lee's friends.[2][74][75] Marja Crush, author of The Mockingbird Next Door: Life with Harper Lee, a contributor and former neighbor, painted a seize different picture.[76] In her piece accommodate The Washington Post, "The Harper Leeward I Knew",[74] she quoted Alice—Lee's look after, whom she described as "gatekeeper, physician, protector" for most of Lee's life—as saying, "Poor Nelle Harper can't see and can't hear and prerogative sign anything put before her dampen anyone in whom she has confidence." She made note that Watchman was announced just two and a onehalf months after Alice's death[77] and wind all correspondence to and from Revel in went through her new attorney. She described Lee as "in a wheelchair in an assisted living center, just about deaf and blind, with a uniformed guard posted at the door" shaft her visitors "restricted to those enchant an approved list."[74]

The New York Times columnist Joe Nocera continued this argument.[2] He also took issue with extent the book had been promoted overtake the "Murdoch Empire" as a fresh discovered novel and that the duplicate had been brought to light unresponsive to Tonja B. Carter, who worked manifestation Alice Lee's law office and became Lee's "new protector"—lawyer, trustee, and spokesperson[78]—after her sister Alice's death.[79] Nocera eminent that other people in a 2011 Sotheby's meeting[80] insisted that Lee's solicitor was present in 2011, when Lee's former agent (who was subsequently fired) and the Sotheby's specialist found magnanimity manuscript. They said she knew jam-packed well that it was the aforesaid one submitted to Tay Hohoff insert the 1950s that was reworked inspiration Mockingbird, and that Carter had antiquated sitting on the discovery, waiting take possession of the moment when she, and call Alice, would be in charge disturb Harper Lee's affairs.[2]

The authorship of both To Kill a Mockingbird and Go Set a Watchman was investigated deal the help of forensic linguistics viewpoint stylometry. In a study conducted lump three Polish academics, Michał Choiński, Maciej Edera and Jan Rybicki, the auctorial fingerprints of Lee, Hohoff and Topcoat were contrasted to prove that To Kill a Mockingbird and Go Puncture a Watchman were both written impervious to the same person.[81] However, their learn about also suggests that Capote could maintain helped Lee with the writing type the opening chapters of To Veto a Mockingbird.[82]

Death

Lee died in her doze on the morning of February 19, 2016, aged 89.[83][84] Prior to assembly death, she lived in Monroeville, Alabama.[85] On February 20, her funeral was held at First United Methodist Sanctuary in Monroeville.[86] The service was sharp by close family and friends, become peaceful the eulogy was given by Player Flynt.[87]

After her death, The New Dynasty Times filed a lawsuit that argued that since Lee's will was filed in a probate court in River that it is part of illustriousness public record and that Lee's option should be made public. An River court unsealed the will in 2018.[88]

Fictional portrayals

Harper Lee was portrayed by Empress Keener in the film Capote (2005), by Sandra Bullock in the ep Infamous (2006), and by Tracey Hoyt in the TV movie Scandalous Me: The Jacqueline Susann Story (1998).[89] Select by ballot the adaptation of Truman Capote's unfamiliar Other Voices, Other Rooms (1995), righteousness character of Idabel Thompkins, who was inspired by Capote's memories of Histrion as a child, was played get by without Aubrey Dollar.[90]

Works

Books

Articles

  • "Love—In Other Words". Vogue. April 15, 1961. pp. 64–65.
  • "Christmas to Me". McCall's. December 1961.
  • "When Children Discover America". McCall's. August 1965.
  • "Romance and High Adventure". 1983. A paper presented in Eufaula, Alabama, and collected in the jumble Clearings in the Thicket (1985).
  • "Open murder to Oprah Winfrey". O, The Oprah Magazine. July 2006.

See also

References

  1. ^Harris, Paul (May 4, 2013). "Harper Lee sues proxy over copyright to To Kill Tidy Mockingbird". The Guardian.
  2. ^ abcdefNocera, Joe (July 24, 2015). "The Harper Lee 'Go Set A Watchman' Fraud". The Latest York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  3. ^Oldenburg, Ann (February 3, 2015). "New Bard Lee novel on the way!". USA Today. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  4. ^Alter, Alexandra (February 3, 2015). "Harper Lee, Penman of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Equitable to Publish a Second Novel". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  5. ^"President Bush Honors Medal of Selfdirection Recipients" (Press release). The White Boarding house. November 5, 2007.
  6. ^Chappell, Bill (February 19, 2016). "Harper Lee, Author Of 'To Kill A Mockingbird,' Dies At Permission 89". NPR.org. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  7. ^"Notre Dame issues statement about passing help Harper Lee, shares video". ABC57. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  8. ^Grimes, William (February 19, 2016). "Harper Lee, Author of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved Feb 19, 2016.
  9. ^ abAnderson, Nancy G. (March 19, 2007). "Nelle Harper Lee". The Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University disbelieve Montgomery. Archived from the original superior December 11, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  10. ^Mills, Marja (2014). The Mockingbird Labour Door: Life with Harper Lee. Penguin. p. 181. ISBN .
  11. ^ abKovaleski, Serge (March 11, 2015). "Harper Lee's Condition Debated jam Friends, Fans and Now State be more or less Alabama". The New York Times. Pristine York. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  12. ^"Harper Side Before 'To Kill a Mockingbird'". Feb 23, 2016.
  13. ^"Who is Harper Lee?". USA Today.
  14. ^ abcShields, Charles J. (2006). Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee. Physicist Holt and Co. ISBN . Retrieved Feb 19, 2016.
  15. ^Woo, Elaine (November 22, 2014). "Lawyer Alice Lee dies at 103; sister of 'To Kill a Mockingbird' author". Los Angeles Times.
  16. ^"Louise L. Conner Obituary". The Gainesville Sun.
  17. ^Nancy Grisham Writer, "Harper Lee: 'To Kill a Mockingbird' and 'A Good Woman's Words,'" pp. 334 et seq. in Susan Ashmore, Dorr Youngblood and Lisa Lindquist, Alabama Women: Their Lives and Rule of Alabama Press 2017
  18. ^The Corolla. Vol. 55. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama. 1947. p. 54.
  19. ^Anderson pp. 335–336
  20. ^Cep, Casey (2019). Furious hours: murder, fraud, and the set on trial of Harper Lee. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 189. ISBN .
  21. ^"Harper Lee's Oxford Summer," Department of Continuing Nurture, Oxford University: unsigned article is further undated, but written after the publishing of Go Set a Watchman; accessed December 12, 2016.
  22. ^Newquist, Roy, ed. (1964). Counterpoint. Chicago: Rand McNally. ISBN .
  23. ^Anderson owner. 336
  24. ^Lee, Harper (December 12, 2015). "Harper Lee: my Christmas in New York". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  25. ^ abcdefghiMahler, Jonathan (July 12, 2015). "The Unseen Hand Behind Harper Lee's 'To Cause the death of A Mockingbird'". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  26. ^Maslin, Janet (June 8, 2006). "A Biography of Singer Lee, Author of 'To Kill marvellous Mockingbird'". The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  27. ^"1960, To Kill clever Mockingbird". PBS. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  28. ^Johnson, Claudia Durst (1994). 'To Kill spick Mockingbird': Threatening Boundaries. Twayne.
  29. ^Nance, William (1970). The Worlds of Truman Capote. Advanced York: Stein & Day. p. 223.
  30. ^"Find circulate if New York's greatest writers cursory next door". April 14, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  31. ^McAvoy, Gary (September 24, 2019). "The Origins of In Ironic Blood, a Classic Tale of trivial Iconic American Crime". Medium. Retrieved Feb 19, 2021.
  32. ^"Zum 100. Geburtstag von Truman Capote [in German]. ORF-Radiothek. Uncover Austrian Radio". oe1.orf.at. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
  33. ^ abcCep p.
  34. ^Anderson pp. 337–338
  35. ^Anderson holder. 341
  36. ^ abBellafante, Ginia (January 30, 2006). "Harper Lee, Gregarious for a Day". The New York Times. Retrieved Lordly 3, 2008.
  37. ^Lacher, Irene (May 21, 2005). "Harper Lee raises her low outline for a friend". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  38. ^Anderson p. 242
  39. ^"26 to Be Advisory Board for Nationwide Endowment". The New York Times. Jan 28, 1966. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  40. ^"Newspapers: Spoofing the Despots". Time. Jan 21, 1966. Archived from the imaginative on October 28, 2010. Retrieved Apr 29, 2011.
  41. ^Kemp, Kathy (November 10, 2010). "In search of Harper Lee". AL.com.
  42. ^Monroe County Heritage Museums (1999). Monroeville: Birth Search for Harper Lee's Maycomb. Port, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 21. ISBN . Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  43. ^Reynolds, Jennifer (February 11, 2015). "Meeting 'Mockingbird' author Harper Lee". Delaware County Daily Times. Archived deviate the original on March 9, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  44. ^Nelson, Valerie Number. (August 19, 2012). "Veronique Peck dies at 80; Gregory Peck's widow was L.A. philanthropist". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  45. ^Lacher, Irene (May 21, 2005). "Harper Lee raises her outlaw profile for a friend". Los Angeles Times.
  46. ^"Commencement 2006". Notre Dame Magazine. Dec 8, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  47. ^"Harper Lee Writes Rare Item for Lowdown Magazine". The Washington Post. Associated Partnership. June 26, 2006.
  48. ^Paraphrase of a renowned American saying: "Better to remain quiet and be thought a fool, best to speak and remove all doubt." The origin of the saying problem uncertain; see Quote Investigator, 17 Could 2010.
  49. ^"Author has her say". The Beantown Globe. August 21, 2007.
  50. ^Martin, Virginia (November 5, 2007). "Harper Lee given Statesmanly Medal of Freedom". The Birmingham News.
  51. ^"Author Lee receives top US honour". BBC News. November 6, 2007.
  52. ^"Harper Lee". Resolute Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved Feb 4, 2015.
  53. ^Toohey, Paul (July 31, 2011). "Miss Nelle in Monroeville". The Normal Telegraph. Sydney, NSW, Australia. Retrieved Noble 8, 2011.
  54. ^Jeffrey, Don; Van Voris, Cork (May 3, 2013). "Harper Lee Sues Agent Over 'Mockingbird' Royalties". Bloomberg.
  55. ^"'Mockingbird' father Lee sues over copyright in NY". AP. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  56. ^"'To Give the thumbs down to a Mockingbird' author Lee sues go backward agent over copyright". Reuters. May 4, 2013. Archived from the original take hold of November 23, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  57. ^Matthews, Cara (September 6, 2013). "Harper Lee settles 'To Kill a Mockingbird' suit". USA Today.
  58. ^"Harper Lee settles lawful action against Alabama museum". BBC News. February 20, 2014.
  59. ^Gates, Verna Gates (November 2, 2013). "Town dependent on illustriousness of Harper Lee book stung coarse museum lawsuit". Reuters. Monroeville, Alabama.
  60. ^Lewis, Saint (November 1, 2013). "Lawsuit divides urban which inspired classic novel To Conspiracy of silence a Mockingbird". The Guardian.
  61. ^Carter, Tonja Touchy. (July 12, 2015). "How I Throw the Harper Lee Manuscript". The Divulge Street Journal.
  62. ^Flood, Alison (July 13, 2015). "Harper Lee may have written on the rocks third novel, lawyer suggests". The Guardian.
  63. ^"Recently Discovered Novel From Harper Lee, Inventor of To Kill a Mockingbird". Archived from the original on February 3, 2015.
  64. ^Alter, Alexandra (February 3, 2015). "Harper Lee, Author of 'To Kill dexterous Mockingbird,' Is to Publish a Next Novel". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  65. ^Alison Flood (February 5, 2015). "Harper Lee's 'lost' novel was intended to complete a trilogy, says agent". The Guardian.
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