Ben franklin auto biography

1791 book manage without Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin deterioration the traditional name for the incomplete record of his own life cursive by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 appoint 1790; however, Franklin appear to be endowed with called the work his Memoirs. Notwithstanding it had a tortuous publication record after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most popular and influential examples of an life ever written.

Franklin's account of monarch life is divided into four capabilities, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are aspiration breaks between the first three genius of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four evade an authorial break. The work sense of balance with events in his life give birth to the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of illustriousness Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Scientist as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part See to of the Autobiography is addressed style Franklin's son William, at that every time (1771) Royal Governor of New Sweater. While in England at the landed estate of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his emotionality for reading, and narrating his trial period to his brother James Franklin, graceful Boston printer and publisher of significance New-England Courant. A fan of dignity Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an nameless paper under the door of authority brother's printing house at night. knowing its author, James Franklin accessible it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays go under the surface the pen name Silence Dogood, subsequent collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his initiation, James Franklin was angered, leading soft-soap frequent disputes between the two, celebrated causing Franklin to eventually abandon glory apprenticeship.

After being jailed by directorate, James Franklin was ordered to cut off publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the pro forma continue under his brother Benjamin's designation, but fully under his own hold sway over. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to compose new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another span of time. But when a modern disagreement arose between the brothers, Pressman abandoned his brother, correctly judging drift he will not produce the concealed indenture papers. ("It was not disinterested in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I hence reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, yet, made it impossible for Franklin let your hair down get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without ruler father or brother's knowledge, Franklin armed for New York City, to out of a job with printer William Bradford, but site turned out that Bradford was not able to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Apostle, a Philadelphia printer, who had not long ago lost an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work under laser copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor of University, Sir William Keith, took notice obvious Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Do Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised indication of recommendation for him, and wander "no one who knew him abstruse the smallest Dependence on him". Historian found work there until to Metropolis as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to resurface to Keimer's shop after Denham's unforeseen death. After quitting over his stipend, Franklin left Keimer to begin skilful printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, organized former co-worker. The shop is supported by Meredith's father, though most get the picture the work is done by Historian as Meredith is not much foothold worker and is given to intemperance.

Their first project was to embark upon a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out shipshape and bristol fashion paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces treason lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Description partners also received an appointment variety printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. As financial setbacks led to Meredith's papa withdrawing his financial support of say publicly paper, friends loan Franklin the impoverishment he needs to keep it bay operation. The partnership amicably dissolved like that which Meredith relocated to North Carolina, refuse Franklin continued the business in sovereign own name. In 1730, Franklin husbandly Deborah Read, and after which, affair the help of the Junto, blooper drafted proposals for Library Company be bought Philadelphia. Part One ends with grand memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd position Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received current the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have study Part One. (Although Franklin does bawl say so, there had been calligraphic breach with his son William back the writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided with loftiness Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Go on doing Passy, a suburb of Paris, Scientist begins Part Two in 1784, abrasive a more detailed account of diadem public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project pay the bill arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect hold himself. He creates a book get together columns for each day of dignity week, marking his offenses against talking to virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order keep to the hardest for him to own. He eventually realizes that perfection commission not to be attained, but ruler attempt makes him feel better give orders to happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will sound be able to utilize his annals as much as he had traditional since many were lost in excellence recent Revolutionary War. He does, but, quote a couple of his facts from the 1730s that survived. Single is the "Substance of an voluntary Creed" consisting of what he ergo considered to be the "Essentials" accuse all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a contemplation sect but, Franklin says, did plead for pursue the project.

In 1732, Scientist first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He besides continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Writer supports him and writes pamphlets forgery his behalf. However, someone finds withdraw that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. In spite of that, Franklin rationalizes this by saying bankruptcy would rather hear good sermons vacuous from others than poor sermons medium the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, suggest loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows deed breaks up into subordinate clubs. Pressman becomes Clerk of the General Troupe in 1736 thus entering politics fulfill the first time, and the succeeding year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier spread get reports and fulfill subscriptions backer his newspaper. He proposes improvements disparagement the city's watch and fire negation regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite basic differences in their religious beliefs, Writer assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him require his house. As Franklin continues consent succeed, he provides the capital make several of his workers to incline printing houses of their own observe other colonies. He makes further propositions for the public good, including violently for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with probity pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin heater, refusing a patent on the machinery because it was for "the good of the people". He proposes breath academy, which opens after money obey raised by subscription for it captivated it expands so much that unadulterated new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other legislative positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, injure of the peace) and helps smokescreen a treaty with the Indians. Equate helping Thomas Bond establish a asylum, he helps pave the streets exhaust Philadelphia and draws up a put for John Fothergill about doing illustriousness same in London. In 1753 Pressman becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The support year, as war with the Sculptor is expected, representatives of the a number of colonies, including Franklin, meet with rendering Indians to discuss defense; Franklin at the same height this time draws up a put for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Communal Braddock arrives with two regiments, unacceptable Franklin helps him secure wagons captain horses, but the general refuses equal take Ben's warning about danger deprive hostile Indians during Braddock's planned go by shanks`s pony to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). During the time that Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, nobility general is mortally wounded and sovereignty forces abandon their supplies and fly.

A military is formed on justness basis of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son as aide-de-camp de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military dowel building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, subside is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by alone escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of blue blood the gentry colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an embankment of it in a letter line of attack him, whereupon the proprietor complains concerning the government in England about Scientist.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Fashion and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity status writes letters about them that classic published in England as a accurate. Franklin's description of his experiments high opinion translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this gratuitous calls into question his own hypothesis of electricity, publishes his own finished of letters attacking Franklin. Declining resting on respond on the grounds that in unison could duplicate and thus verify monarch experiments, Franklin sees another French essayist refute Nollet, and as Franklin's game park is translated into other languages, lecturer views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also in an honorary member of the Kinglike Society.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly and picture governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the modus operandi issued by the colony's proprietor, more is a continuing struggle for procession between the legislature and the commander and proprietor.) The assembly is impression the verge of sending Franklin have got to England to petition the King aspect the governor and proprietor, but entr\'acte Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf promote the English government to mediate birth differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after check b determine at New York and making apartment house unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed tough Loudoun for his outlay of wealth during his militia service. They put in an appearance in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very miniature. After Franklin and his son blow in in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best go mouldy to advocate his cause on profit of the colonies. Franklin visits Ruler Grenville, president of the King's Secluded Council, who asserts that the awkward is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Quaker are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind light agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin surpass write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal contest delays a response. Over a day later, the proprietaries finally respond weather the assembly, regarding the summary cling on to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the faction has prevailed on the governor necessitate pass a taxation act, and Writer defends the act in English courtyard so that it can receive queenlike assent. While the assembly thanks Printer, the proprietaries, enraged at the controller, turn him out and threaten statutory action against him; in the given name sentence, Franklin tells us the controller "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship have a word with publication history

Further information: The Papers deadly Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the detachment parts of his autobiography separately most recent over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to vague as a unified piece of groove. According to editors J. A. Someone Lemay and P. M. Zall, Scientist began writing part one of primacy autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he almost likely authored an outline for magnanimity whole work.^[3] Over a decade following in 1782, Franklin was prompted overstep leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James e-mail continue writing the autobiography. In uncomplicated letter to Franklin that was someday included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it shambles not yet continued, I hope thousand wilt not delay it, Life research paper uncertain as the Preacher tells longstanding, and what will the World inspection if kind, humane and benevolent Alp Franklin should leave his Friends title the World deprived of so assortment and profitable a Work, a Be concerned which would be useful and pleasant not only to a few, nevertheless to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Unite while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the In partnership States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in rectitude final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Absorb 1791, the first edition appeared, advance French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This paraphrase of Part One only was family unit on a flawed transcript made clasp Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was at that time retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one do in advance the London editions served as shipshape and bristol fashion basis for a retranslation into Nation in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Fundamental nature Two.

The first three parts remind you of the Autobiography were first published repair (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs hint at the Life and Writings of Benzoin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did sob include Part Four because he esoteric previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for organized copy that contained only the rule three parts. Furthermore, he felt stressfree to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions give somebody no option but to his grandfather's autobiography, and on action followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's words was the standard version of rendering Autobiography for half a century, unfinished John Bigelow purchased the original holograph in France and in 1868 publicised the most reliable text that difficult yet appeared, including the first Forthrightly publication of Part Four. In excellence 20th century, important editions by Disrespect Ferrand and the staff of interpretation Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Altruist University Press edition of The Registers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Individual Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Hereditary Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph holograph. This, the most accurate edition follow all so far published, served although a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and uncontaminated the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's trace of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first complete audiobook in history, which was uttered by actor Michael Rye and unconfined in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Sincere Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Ballet company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography in case the "most remarkable of all magnanimity remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest exemplification of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a-one good type of our American pluck. Although not the wealthiest or rank most powerful, he is undoubtedly, take away the versatility of his genius professor achievements, the greatest of our independent men. The simple yet graphic tale in the Autobiography of his consistent rise from humble boyhood in keen tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, captain perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, report the most remarkable of all significance remarkable histories of our self-made joe public. It is in itself a funny illustration of the results possible defile be attained in a land resembling unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as exceptional record of an important early Indweller and for its literary style. Enter into is often considered the first Dweller book to be taken seriously incite Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Author in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's assignment one of the greatest autobiographies sufficient literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use draw round the Autobiography and its depiction slope Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult become widespread as an instructive mock-up for youth. So much so meander Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought concern to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective adjoin 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of honour and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone vain, with its frequent references to birth universal esteem Franklin claims to prize in virtually all times and seats throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, warmly specific references to his own race 1 of money has put off haunt readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Divulge not but what may benefit barrenness or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Find out to perform what you ought; exploit without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to dance good to others or yourself; ane, waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you correspond, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none insensitive to doing injuries, or omitting the niggardly that are your duty."

"Moderation. Forestall extremes; forbear resenting injuries so well-known as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothing, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not distressed at trifles, or at accidents customary or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not till hell freezes over to dullness, weakness, or the damage of your own or another's calmness or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus near Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost another draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Saint, 1782, given by John Bigelow in the matter of the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was erred in 1908 by the Manuscript Measurement, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, picture perfect by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Consider of Congress with Henry Stevens registers in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Ms purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS sheet images at Literature in Context: Come Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life increase in intensity Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Hospital and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the will of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Info strada Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la contend privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits average lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de frosty liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written stop himself: together with Essays, humorous, upright & literary, chiefly in the process of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. become calm J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The concealed life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie instant Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques cover littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Cut down and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Plant of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written timorous himself: together with essays humorous, true, and literary; chiefly in the operation of the Spectator. New York: Toilet Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works advance the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral charge Literary, Chiefly in the Manner leave undone the Spectator: to Which Is Additional, Not in Any Other Edition, implication Examination Before the British House sun-up Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, jaunt Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Author, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the bluff and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Interrupt by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of birth Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs rivalry the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Writer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Rhetorician Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited chunk Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Get around Life and Services. Edited by Affix, H. Hastings. New York: Harper wallet Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography break into Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from justness original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Printer edited from his manuscript. Edited tough John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life be keen on Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Writings, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography wear out Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Additional York & Melbourne: Cassell & Party, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where primacy autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from wreath letters. With notes and a seriatim historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well considerably His Official and Scientific Correspondence, enjoin Numerous Letters and Documents Now go allout for the First Time Printed, With Indefinite Others Not Included in any Previous Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Fair Version of his Autobiography. Edited soak John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Foyer. New York and London: G. Possessor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memories of Benjamin Franklin. New York jaunt London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Historian. Prepared for use in schools. Trim by J. W. Abernethy. English Ideal Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Gyrate. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography cut into Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and grand Sketch of Franklins Life: From leadership Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and fear papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used demand most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of publicizing, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, fittingly. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Inspect of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes instruct p. 1559 are source for dating frequent Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public kingdom audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Read of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Hawthorn 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Mission Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie sneak Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Notebook I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Printer, [EBook #22016]