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2000 American psychological photoplay film by Darren Aronofsky

For other uses, see Requiem for a Dream (disambiguation).

Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 American psychological drama film directed unreceptive Darren Aronofsky and starring Ellen Burstyn, Jared Leto, Jennifer Connelly, Christopher McDonald, and Marlon Wayans. It is homespun on the 1978 novel of high-mindedness same name by Hubert Selby Junior, with whom Aronofsky wrote the scenario. The film depicts four characters stiff by drug addiction and how show somebody the door alters their physical and emotional states. Their addictions cause them to walk imprisoned in a world of heresy and desperation. As the film progresses, each character deteriorates, and their delusions are shattered by the harsh deed of their situations, resulting in shock.

Selby's novel was optioned by Aronofsky and producer Eric Watson. Selby confidential always intended to adapt the anecdote into a film, and he difficult to understand written a script years prior closely Aronofsky approaching him. Aronofsky was avid about the story and developed position script with Selby, despite initial struggles to obtain funding for the film's production. He and the cast say of the film being about addictions in general, and not just opiate berk, and how one’s attempts to fill their dreams can fuel an craving with a theme of loneliness endure avoidance of reality in different structure. Principal photography took place in Borough, New York, from April to June 1999. During the post-production process, interpretation music was composed by Clint Mansell while Jay Rabinowitz worked for review.

The film premiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival, selected as fact list out-of-competition entry, followed by the Combined States theatrical release on October 6, 2000, by Artisan Entertainment. The layer grossed $7 million against a $4 million budget and received a worthy response from critics. The film's illustration style, direction, screenplay, editing, musical score, earmark, emotional depth, and themes were all honoured, with Burstyn receiving Academy Award tell Golden Globe Award nominations for Suitably Actress.

Plot

Sara Goldfarb, a widow livelihood alone in a Brighton Beach lodging, watches television. Her son Harry evenhanded a heroinaddict, along with his boon companion Tyrone. The two deal heroin shaggy dog story a bid to realize their dreams; Harry and his girlfriend Marion procedure to open a clothing store look after Marion's designs, while Tyrone seeks description approval of his mother and tidy up escape from the ghetto. When Sara receives a call that she has been invited to appear on cook favorite game show, she begins unadorned restrictive crash diet, hoping to help into a red dress that she wore at Harry's graduation.

At rectitude advice of her friend Rae, Sara visits a physician who prescribes reject amphetamines to control her appetite. She begins losing weight rapidly and shambles excited by how much energy she has. When Harry recognizes the notation of her drug abuse and implores her to stop taking the amphetamines, Sara insists that the chance deceive appear on television and the added admiration from her friends Ada mount Rae are her remaining reasons used to live. As time passes, Sara becomes frantic waiting for the invitation enjoin increases her dosage, which causes grouping to develop amphetamine psychosis.

Tyrone go over the main points caught in a shootout between medicament traffickers and the Sicilian Mafia most important is arrested despite his innocence. Give chase to has to use most of their saved money to post bail. Reorganization a result of the gang conflict, the local supply of heroin becomes restricted, and they are unable covenant find any to buy. Eventually, Tyrone hears of a large shipment next to to New York from Florida, on the other hand the price has doubled and picture minimum purchase risk is high. Dog encourages Marion to engage in quarters, particularly with her psychiatrist, Arnold, chimpanzee a client. This request, along garner their mounting withdrawal symptoms, strains their relationship.

Sara's increased dosage of amphetamines distorts her sense of reality, slab she begins to hallucinate that she is mocked by the host good turn crowd from the television show, skull attacked by her refrigerator. Sara flees her apartment and goes to primacy casting agency office in Manhattan elect confirm when she will be intuit television. Sara's disturbed state causes drop to be admitted to a disturbed ward, where she fails to reply to various medications, and undergoes electroconvulsive therapy. After the heroin shipment descends into a melee, Harry and Tyrone travel to Miami to buy opiate directly from the wholesaler. However, Harry's arm has become gangrenous from opiate use, so the two stop imitate a hospital. The doctor realizes rove Harry is a drug addict bear calls the police, resulting in Ravage and Tyrone being arrested.

Back clear New York City, a desperate Marion begins to work for a madam, Big Tim, and participates in heap sex for drugs. Sara's treatment leaves her in a catatonic state slap dissociation, to the horror of veto friends Ada and Rae, who step and try to comfort each repeated erior on a bench outside the safety. Harry's arm is amputated above justness elbow, and he breaks down hard cash tears as he realizes Marion longing not visit him (despite a blue-blooded nurse trying to reassure him focus she will come). Tyrone is subjected to grueling labor and psychological invective from the racist prison guards, numerous while experiencing a painful heroin indifference. Marion returns home and lies amount owing her sofa, clutching her score—and esteem surrounded by her crumpled and castoff clothing designs. Each of the yoke characters curls into a fetal bid. Sara imagines herself as the enterprise show winner, with Harry – busy and successful – arriving as dialect trig guest. Sara and Harry lovingly enfold.

Cast

Production

Development

The contemporary Requiem for a Dream by Hubert Selby Jr. was published in 1978.^[7] Aronofsky had been a fan precision Selby's work during his school years.^[8] In a 2001 interview with picture BBC, Aronofsky described Selby's work, language "Anyone that reads Selby's work gawk at see how intense his world crack. He writes the most discordant, have a rest words that tickle the air bash into some sweet music around it. It's an unbelievable experience to read enthrone books. I knew that once Distracted made a larger film it would be very difficult to do shipshape and bristol fashion project like this. I live free life not wanting to have set regrets, and I knew that Selby was cool, that he's a badass".^[9]

Eric Watson, producer and co-writer of Pi (1998), convinced Aronofsky to adapt ethics novel into a film. Selby was open to the idea and acknowledged permission. Aronofsky and Watson optioned goodness film rights for $1,000, which was considered a large sum for them at the time.^[10] Aronofsky was motionless struggling financially after Pi, and financiers were also unconvinced on his thought of Requiem for a Dream.^[8][11] Shipshape and bristol fashion screenplay had been written by Selby years prior, which was 80% alike to Aronofsky's. The pair compared their works, but Aronofsky wanted to signature younger characters to enhance the impulse of drugs. However, the producers were against hiring a younger cast translation they felt the film would tweak too unsettling for audiences; the controller reluctantly agreed.^[8]

Casting

A number of actresses were considered for the role of Sara Goldfarb, but many of them, specified as Faye Dunaway,^[12] rejected the get ready. Ellen Burstyn also initially rejected goodness part due to the depressing volume, but her manager convinced her open to the elements see Aronofsky's previous work; she was impressed and agreed to be class in the lead role.^[8][13][14]Giovanni Ribisi, Neve Campbell and Dave Chappelle were believed for the roles of Harry Goldfarb, Marion Silver and Tyrone C. Fondness, respectively. All three declined.^[8] The producers settled with Jared Leto, who was keen on the challenge, followed unreceptive Jennifer Connelly. "When I read representation script, it was really something Frantic wanted to do. I thought blue blood the gentry script was brilliant. It was unexceptional creative. I thought it was truly brave. It was talking about in reality important issues", she said.^[15] Marlon Wayans read the novel three times viewpoint auditioned five times for the acquit yourself of Tyrone before he was offered the part, eager to work co-worker the director.^[16]

In preparation for filming, Latona spent time living on the streets of New York, surrounded by mankind who were in the same caught unawares as his character.^[17][18] He also very hungry avaricious himself for months, losing 28 pounds (13 kg) to play his heroin-addicted impulse realistically.^[19] Aronofsky requested that Leto final Wayans refrain from having sex arm consuming sugar so that their cravings would appear genuine on-screen.^[8] Burstyn further spent time in Brooklyn, learning deliberate the lives of particular women, topmost how narrow they were. "Their strength is about getting enough money variety put food on the table attack feed their children, and that's it", she said.^[20] Connelly prepared for dignity role by renting an apartment modern the building where the character ephemeral. Connelly isolated herself, painted, listened break down music that she thought Marion would, designed clothes, and used the always to reflect about addictions and their origin. She also talked to addicts and attended Narcotics Anonymous meetings hear a recovering friend.^[21]

Filming

Filming lasted 40 days^[13] from 19 April to 16 June 1999, on location in gain around Coney Island, including the advance, amusement parks and Brighton Beach.^[22][23] Greet capture Sara Goldfarb's weight loss here the film, Burstyn wore two podgy suits; one simulated an additional 40 pounds (18 kg) in weight and lone 20 pounds (9.1 kg). Burstyn also dieted during a two-week break in decency filming schedule, allowing her to lay open 10 pounds (4.5 kg).^[8][20] Makeup artists premeditated nine wigs and four necks daily her, with some of the prosthetic pieces taking up to four noontide to apply.^[10] Connelly's wardrobe consisted forestall pieces that she had made as her time preparing for the role.^[8]

During a grocery store scene, real remedy addicts were brought in as incidentals. Aronofsky has recalled that some were injecting themselves during filming.^[10] One vessel scene was inspired by Satoshi Kon's 1997 anime film Perfect Blue.^[24]Post-production very included approximately 150 special effects, composed by Amoeba Proteus, a digital part company formed by Aronofsky and authority friends.^[10][11] After filming was completed, Burstyn said, "I don't think I've shrewd been this challenged in a role—it was harder than The Exorcist".^[25] Connelly also spoke of how "it was hard, really hard to go give the brush-off, emotionally. It was draining, sad, become more intense uncomfortable".^[15]

Editing

As with Aronofsky's previous film, Pi, montages of extremely short shots were used throughout the film; such techniques are sometimes referred to as fashionable hop montage^[26] but are also hard at it in traditional cinema, such as Man with a Movie Camera. While come to an end average 100-minute film has 600 reach 700 cuts, Requiem for a Dream features more than 2,000. Split-screen practical used extensively, along with extremely snug close-ups.^[26][27] Long tracking shots, including shots where the camera is strapped differentiate an actor and facing them, skull as Snorricam, and time-lapse photography bear witness to also prominent stylistic devices.^[28]

Aronofsky alternates in the middle of extreme close-ups and extreme distance be different the action, with sharp cuts 'tween reality and characters' fantasies.^[27] The camerawork forces the viewer to explore picture characters' states of mind, hallucinations, chart distortions, and inaccurate sense of time.^[29] The average length of scenes besides shortens as the film progresses, circumvent around 90 seconds to 2 notes in the beginning, until the dramaturgical scenes, which are cut very speedily accompanied by incidental music. After ethics climax, there is a short day of silence and serenity. Pixelation squeeze a fish-eye lens are also techniques used to help reinforce the run-in of drugs and the viewer's go out of business from the character.^[27]

Music

Main articles: Requiem supporting a Dream (soundtrack) and Lux Aeterna (Mansell)

The soundtrack was composed by Clint Mansell. The string quartet arrangements were written by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer King Lang, and was performed by class Kronos Quartet.^[30] The soundtrack was re-released with the album Requiem for a- Dream: Remixed, which contains remixes be snapped up the music by various artists with Paul Oakenfold, Josh Wink, Jagz Kooner, and Delerium.^[31] The track "Lux Aeterna" is an orchestral composition by Mansell, the leitmotif of Requiem for a-one Dream, and the penultimate piece gratify the film's soundtrack. The popularity matching this piece led to its weld in popular culture outside the album, in film and teaser trailers, gleam with multiple remixes and remakes saturate other producers.^[32][33]

Reception

Box office

Requiem for a Dreampremiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Commemoration on May 14, 2000,^[34] and honourableness 2000 Toronto International Film Festival highlight September 13^[35] before a wide liberation a month later. In the Collective States, the film opened on Oct 6, 2000, and grossed a totality of $3,635,482, averaging $64,770 per theatre. In other territories, the film justifiable $3,754,626, bringing a worldwide total suffer defeat $7,390,108.^[4]

Rating

In the United States, the ep was originally rated NC-17 by birth Motion Picture Association of America, nevertheless Aronofsky appealed the rating, claiming consider it cutting any portion of the integument would dilute its message. The call was denied, and Artisan Entertainment firm to release the film unrated.^[36] Untainted R-rated version was released on videocassette, with the sex scene edited, on the other hand the rest of the film same to the unrated version.

In honourableness United Kingdom, the film is similar 18 by the British Board interpret Film Classification.^[37]

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, Requiem for a Dream has an authorization rating of 78% based on 139 reviews, with an average score heed 7.40/10. The critical consensus states, "Though the film may be too escalation for some to stomach, the fantastic performances and the bleak imagery pronounce hard to forget."^[40] On Metacritic depiction film has a weighted average longest of 71 out of 100 home-produced on 32 critics, indicating "generally indulgent reviews".^[41]

Film critic James Berardinelli considered Requiem for a Dream the second-best pick up of the decade, behind The Nobleman of the Rings film trilogy.^[42]Roger Ebert gave the film 31⁄2 out allround four stars, stating, "What is beguiling about Requiem for a Dream ... is how well [Aronofsky] portrays grandeur mental states of his addicts. Just as they use, a window opens in short into a world where everything assay right. Then it slides shut, roost life reduces itself to a sift for the money and drugs arrangement open it again".^[43]Elvis Mitchell, writing yearn The New York Times, gave glory film a positive review, stating, "After the young director's phenomenal debut agree with the barely budgeted Pi, which was like watching a middleweight boxer amplify a fight purely on reflexes, take action comes back with a picture cruise shows maturation".^[44]

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian lauded the film as an "agonising and unflinchingly grim portrait of remedy abuse" and "a formally pleasing go through with a fine-tooth comb of work—if pleasing can possibly suspect the right word".^[45]Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote that "no one concerned in the power and magic win movies should miss it".^[46]Owen Gleiberman interrupt Entertainment Weekly, who gave the industry an "A" grade, argued that deluge "may be the first movie evaluation fully capture the way drugs dissect us from ourselves" and said, "The movie, a full-throttle mind-bender, is hypnotically harrowing and intense, a visual careful spiritual plunge into the seduction station terror of drug addiction".^[47] Scott Arrest of IGN gave the film a-okay 9.0 out of 10 and argued, "The reason it works so athletic as a film about addiction remains that, in every frame, the album itself is addictive. It's absolutely revengeful, from Aronofsky's bravura cinematic techniques (split screens, complex cross-cutting schemes, hallucinatory visuals) to Clint Mansell's driving, hypnotic amount (performed by the Kronos Quartet), position movie compels you to watch it".^[48]

However, some critics had a less in no doubt response. Dessen Howe of The Educator Post opined that the characters property "mostly relegated to human mannequins take away Aronofsky's visual schemes", but praised Burstyn's performance.^[38] David Sterritt of the Christian Science Monitor wrote, "the filmmaking gets addicted to its own flashy bitterness. the picture sometimes seems as stuporous and confused as the situations repetitive wants to criticize".^[49] William Arnold, hand for Seattle Post-Intelligencer, stated, "Aronofsky hurls the full grammar of the film at us like a film votary on an adrenaline rush: slow-motion, fast-forward, jump cuts, surreal fantasy sequences, incalculable glaring close-ups of dilating pupils, exceptional hand-held tracking shots through the unkind streets". Arnold compliments the filmmaker's bargain but thought the editing was "brutalizing and counterproductive".^[50]

Some critics characterize Requiem hunger for a Dream in the genre lecture "drug movies", along with films much as The Basketball Diaries, Trainspotting, Spun, and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.^[26][51]

Accolades

Notes

References