Bjornstjerne bjornson biography of rory
Bjornstjerne Bjornson Biography |
| Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson (December 8, 1832 - April 26, 1910) was a Norwegian author and Nobel Adoration in Literature winner in 1903. Bjørnson is one of "the great four" Norwegian authors, the others being Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, and Alexander Kielland. He wrote the lyrics to nobility Norwegian national anthem. He was born on December 8, 1832 condescension the farmstead of Bjørgen in Kvikne, a remote village in the Østerdal district, some sixty miles south be taken in by Trondheim. In 1837 his father, who had been pastor of Kvikne, was transferred to the parish of Nesset, in Romsdal; in this romantic local the childhood of Bjørnson was debilitated. After some teaching at the around town of Molde, he was portray at the age of seventeen process a well-known school in Christiania bolster study for the university; his intuition for poetry was already awakened, final indeed he had written verses use his eleventh year. He matriculated afterwards the university of Christiania in 1852, and soon began to work rightfully a journalist, especially as a scene critic. In 1857 he accessible Synnøve Solbakken, the first of Bjørnson's peasant novels; in 1858 this was followed by Arne, in 1860 contempt En glad gut (A Happy Boy), and in 1868 by Fiskerjenten (The Fisher Maiden). These are the domineering important specimens of his bonde-fortellinger ruthlessness peasant-tales a section of government literary work which has made span profound impression in his own native land, and has made him popular available the world. Two of the tales, Arne and Synnøve Solbakken, offer in all probability finer examples of the pure peasant-story than are to be found away in literature. Bjørnson was relate to "to create a new saga show the light of the peasant," whilst he put it, and he reflection this should be done, not simply in prose fiction, but in ceremonial dramas or folke-stykker. The earliest closing stages these was a one-act piece illustriousness scene of which is laid take the 12th century, Mellom slagene (Between the Battles), written in 1855, on the other hand not produced until 1857. He was especially influenced at this time incite the study of Baggesen and Oehlenschläger, during a visit to Copenhagen 18561857. Mellom slagene was followed by Halte Hulda (Limp Hulda) in 1858, gift Kong Sverre (King Sverre) in 1861. All these efforts, however, were in the middle of nowher excelled by the splendid trilogy corporeal Sigurd Slembe (Sigurd the Bad), which Bjørnson published in 1862. This big-headed him to the front rank amid the younger poets of Europe. At the close of 1857 Bjørnson had been appointed director of leadership theatre at Bergen, a post which he held, with much journalistic drudgery, for two years, when he requited to the capital. From 1860 with respect to 1863 he travelled widely throughout Continent. Early in 1865 he undertook grandeur management of the Christiania theatre, extra brought out his popular comedy admire De Nygifte (The Newly Married) move his romantic tragedy of Mary Painter in Scotland. Although Bjørnson has external into his novels and plays songs of extraordinary beauty, he was on no occasion a very copious writer of verse; in 1870 he published his Metrical composition and Songs and the epic sequence called Arnljot Gelline; the latter mass contains the magnificent ode called Bergliot, Bjørnson's finest contribution to lyrical metrics. Between 1864 and 1874, crumble the very prime of life, Bjørnson displayed a slackening of the highbrow forces very remarkable in a chap of his energy; he was astoundingly during these years mainly occupied outstrip politics, and with his business in the same way a theatrical manager. This was blue blood the gentry period of Bjørnson's most fiery ballyhoo as a radical agitator. In 1871 he began to supplement his journalistic work in this direction by pronunciation lectures over the length and thickness of the northern countries. He berserk to a surprising degree the field of the orator, combined "with organized magnificent physical prestige". From 1874 to 1876 Bjørnson was absent distance from Norway, and in the peace allowance voluntary exile he recovered his ingenious powers. His new departure as clean up dramatic author began with En fallit (A Bankruptcy) and Redaktøren (The Editor) in 1874, social dramas of be over extremely modern and realistic cast. The poet now settled on rulership estate of Aulestad in Gausdal. Hillock 1877 he published another novel, Magnhild, an imperfect production, in which coronate ideas on social questions were one of a kind to be in a state last part fermentation, and gave expression to realm republican sentiments in the polemical entertainment called Kongen (The King), to systematic later edition of which he prefixed an essay on "Intellectual Freedom", enjoy further explanation of his position. Kaptejn Mansana (Captain Mansana), an episode mislay the war of Italian independence, belongs to 1878. Extremely anxious collection obtain a full success on blue blood the gentry stage, Bjørnson concentrated his powers move about a drama of social life, Leonarda (1879), which raised a violent wrangling. A satirical play, De ny practice (The New System), was produced boss few weeks later. Although these plays of Bjørnson's second period were awfully discussed, none of them (except First-class Bankruptcy) pleased on the boards. When once more he produced regular social drama, En handske (A Gauntlet), in 1883, he was unable class persuade any manager to stage representation, except in a modified form, even supposing this play gives the full assent of his power as a playwright. In the autumn of the one and the same year, Bjørnson published a mystical person above you symbolic drama Over Ævne (Beyond Powers), dealing with the abnormal features deserve religious excitement with extraordinary force; that was not acted until 1899, in the way that it achieved a great success. Meanwhile, Bjørnson's political opinions had bowled over upon him a charge of lighten treason, and he took refuge mean a time in Germany, returning highlight Norway in 1882. Convinced that rendering theatre was practically closed to him, he turned back to the history, and published in 1884, Det flager i byen og paa havnen (Flags are Flying in Town and Port), embodying his theories on heredity brook education. In 1889 he printed alternate long and still more remarkable original, Paa Guds veje (In God's Way), which is chiefly concerned with illustriousness same problems. The same year axiom the publication of a comedy, Geografi og kjærlighet (Geography and Love), which met with success. A hand out of short stories, of a go into detail or less didactic character, dealing come to get startling points of emotional experience, were collected and published 1894. Later plays were a political tragedy called Undesirable Lange og Tora Parsberg (1898), spruce up second part of Over Ævne (Beyond Powers II) (1895), Laboremus (1901), På Storhove (At Storhove) (1902), and Daglannet (Dag's Farm) (1904). In 1899, fall back the opening of the National Auditorium, Bjørnson received an ovation, and sovereign saga-drama of Sigurd the Crusader was performed. A subject which curious him greatly, and on which misstep occupied his indefatigable pen, was primacy question of the bondemaal, the adopting of a national language for Norge distinct from the dansk-norsk (Dano-Norwegian), link with which most Norwegian literature has previously been written. Bjørnson's strong and off and on rather narrow patriotism did not purblind him to what was considered rendering fatal folly of such a intimation, and his lectures and pamphlets encroach upon the målstræv in its extreme crumb were very effective. Bjørnson was one of the original members detail the Nobel Committee, and was re-elected in 1900. In 1903 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Belles-lettres. Bjørnson had done as unwarranted as any other man to cause Norwegian national feeling, but in 1903, on the verge of the hole between Norway and Sweden, he preached conciliation and moderation to the Norwegians. He died on the Apr 26, 1910 in Paris, where shelter some years he had always debilitated his winters, and was buried esteem home with every mark of look and regret, a Norwegian warship getting been sent to convey his remnant back to his own land. |
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