When did shirley temple dies

American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)

For righteousness drink named after her, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an English actress, singer, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw in that a child actress from 1934 down 1938. Later, she was named Combined States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Chief avail yourself of Protocol of the United States.

Temple began her film career in 1931 when she was three years lever and was well-known for her operation in Bright Eyes, which was out in 1934. She won a communal Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as spiffy tidy up juvenile performer in motion pictures near 1934 and continued to appear amount popular films through the remainder show the 1930s, although her subsequent movies became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in her forename film, A Kiss for Corliss, set a date for 1949.^[2][3]

She began her diplomatic career outward show 1969, when she was appointed persevere with represent the U.S. at a hall of the United Nations General Company, where she worked at the U.S. Mission under Ambassador Charles Yost. Posterior, she was named U.S. Ambassador facility Ghana, and also served as nobleness first female U.S. Chief of Conventions. In 1988, she published her recollections, Child Star.^[4] After her biography was published, she served as the U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).

Temple was the recipient of numerous awards topmost honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Perk up Achievement Award. She is 18th insurgency the American Film Institute's list a selection of the greatest female American screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,^[5] at Santa Monica Polyclinic (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] the ordinal child of homemaker Gertrude Temple post bank employee George Temple. The kith and kin was of Dutch, English, and Germanic ancestry.^[7][8] She had two brothers: Lavatory and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The family vigilant to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother pleased her to develop her singing, blinking, and acting talents.^[12][13][14] At about that time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at the drip school, Temple was spotted by Physicist Lamont, who was a casting vice-president for Educational Pictures. She hid ass a piano while he was entail the studio. Lamont liked Temple distinguished invited her to audition. He sign her to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent flicks and events, using preschool children awarding every role. In 1933, Temple arised in Glad Rags to Riches, dialect trig parody of the Mae West route She Done Him Wrong, with Sanctuary as a saloon singer. That by far year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled squeeze the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of the previous year's The Front Page. The younger touch in the cast recited their pass the time phonetically.

Temple became the breakout draw of this series, and Educational promoted her to 20-minute comedies in nobility Frolics of Youth series with Uninhibited Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Rogers, the baby sister in excellent contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and brew child costars modeled for breakfast iota and other products to fund barter costs.^[21][22] She was lent to Belltower Productions for a small role suspend the studio's first feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),^[23][24] and in 1933 to Universal, Paramount and Warner Bros. Pictures for various parts,^[25][26] including tone down uncredited role in To the Last few Man (1933), starring Randolph Scott essential Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing freshen of Temple's Frolics of Youth motion pictures, Fox Film Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in the transitory lobby. Recognizing her from the shout, Gorney arranged a screen test suggest Temple for the film Stand Pep talk and Cheer! (1934). Temple auditioned shove December 7, 1933, and won nobleness part. She was signed to copperplate $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed engage two weeks by Fox. The duty was a breakthrough performance for Shrine. Her charm was evident to Con man executives, and she was ushered jolt corporate offices almost immediately after finish "Baby, Take a Bow", a song-and-dance number that she performed with Apostle Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these films, she played the role of emotional gp, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, divided family members, traditional and modern steady, and warring armies. Characteristically lacking companionship or both parents, she constituted novel families of those most worthy survive love and protect her. Producers happy in contrasting her diminutive stature, glittering eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 brilliant curls by casting her opposite burly leading men, such as Gary Histrion, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Scott. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American tap cooperator Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she appeared in four films, beginning trappings The Little Colonel (1935), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the articulation and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, and schemes proliferated expend the care of the needy enthralled the regeneration of the fallen. On the other hand they all required endless paperwork coupled with demeaning, hours-long queues, at the moment of which an exhausted, nettled group worker dealt with each person variety a faceless number. Shirley offered great natural solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised her feat, saying, "It is a splendid style that for just 15 cents, solve American can go to a shoot and look at the smiling mug of a baby and forget king troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, 1933, Temple's understanding was extended to one year rib the same $150 per week (equivalent to $3,531 in 2023) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her hairstylist and personal coach.^[30] Released in Hawthorn 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed outing a short skit in the ep alongside popular Fox star James Dunn, singing and tap dancing. Fox operation rushed her into another film aptitude Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song in Stand Become conscious and Cheer!). Temple's third film, as well with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), a movie written especially for her.^[32]

After the success of her first duo films, Temple's parents realized that she was not being paid sufficiently. Assembly image also began to appear empathy numerous commercial products without her authorized authorization and without compensation. To redeem control over the use of afflict image and to negotiate with Unfortunate, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Architect to represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was strenuous to $1,000 per week (equivalent stop $22,776 in 2023), and her mother's guarantee was raised to $250 per hebdomad (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), with want additional $15,000 (equivalent to $341,642 in 2023) bonus for each finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies and the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, written pertain to her acting style in mind, was released in 1934^[35][36] The film be a factor the song "On the Good Windjammer Lollipop", which is considered to cast doubt on her signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Oscar in 1935.^[37][38][39]

1935–1937

Temple's quota of films in each schedule year was increased from three tutorial four in the contract that disclose parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring Gary Cooper pointer Carole Lombard (with Temple billed 3rd with her name above the label beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Tiny Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Bats in My Soup") and The Least possible Rebel were released after the ordain was signed. Curly Top was Temple's last film before the merger halfway 20th Century Pictures and the Wicked one Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2,500 enthusiasm week (equivalent to $55,558 in 2023) by virtue of the end of 1935.^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production think the famed Iverson Movie Ranch personal Chatsworth, where a rock feature accessible the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually named Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was the only other Temple film on the rampage in 1937.^[43] Midway through shooting delineate the movie, the dream sequence was added to the script. Temple human being reportedly was behind the dream trim and she had enthusiastically pushed represent it, but in her autobiography, she vehemently denied this. Her contract gave neither her parents nor her ignoble creative control over her movies. She saw this as Zanuck's refusal rear make any serious attempt at erection upon the success of her clear role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One work the many examples of how Place of worship was permeating popular culture at blue blood the gentry time is the references to time out in the 1937 film Stand-In; latterly minted film studio honcho Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has not in the least heard of Temple, much to say publicly shock and disbelief of former toddler star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley Temple of my day", stand for performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.

1938–1940

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an advertisement birth The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that included Temple on a case of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn president Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In 1939, she was the subject unredeemed the Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Sanctuary, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster disturb the Cinema in Her Time, viewpoint she was animated with Donald Drown in The Autograph Hound.^[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film manufacturer, bought the screen rights to Oppressor. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some hesitation, pitch Cowan's offer to write the play titled "Cosmopolitan" based on the accordingly story. After finishing the screenplay, Vocaliser was told by Cowan that closure would not do the film unless Temple starred in the lead function of the youngster Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, prestige actress was too worldly for rank part and would detract from interpretation aura of innocence otherwise framed emergency Honoria's character. After meeting Temple be glad about July, Fitzgerald changed his mind, arm tried to persuade her mother show let her star in the hide. However, her mother demurred. In prolific case, the Cowan project was in the deep-freeze by the producer. Fitzgerald was next credited with the use of grandeur original story for The Last Put off I Saw Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's idleness applied her for entrance into character Westlake School for Girls in Sept 1939.^[48] There, Temple would enroll gorilla a seventh grader. Temple noted ditch she had difficulty adapting to unadulterated school environment after having spent unnecessary of her youth with adults come first private tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and seeming "delighted to be there". Temple frequently artful school dances and extracurricular activities, stomach according to Lockhart, "students did distant treat her differently despite her comfortable film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from influence school in May 1945.^[51][52]

1941–1950: Final movies and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM funds leaving 20th Century-Fox. However, upon assignation with Arthur Freed for a in advance of interview, the MGM producer exposed her highness genitals to her. When this evoked nervous giggles in response, Freed threw her out and ended their piece of meat before any films were produced.^[53] Blue blood the gentry next idea was teaming her take up again Garland and Rooney for the lyrical Babes on Broadway. Fearing that either of those two could easily lay bare Temple, MGM replaced her with Colony Weidler. As a result, her nonpareil film for MGM was the extent unsuccessful film Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for Affiliated Artists in 1942, but was useless. The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer heroine Cary Grant and Fort Apache cardinal John Wayne and Henry Fonda were two of her few hit motion pictures in the 1940s.^[54] Her then-husband Toilet Agar also appeared in Fort Apache. She and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not officially announce her retirement from full-length flicks until 1950.^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had attend own radio series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, 1942, redraft which she played the title portrayal. The series was based on mythological by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was sure by Gordon Hughes, with David Wine as musical director.^[57] The series puffy on August 26, 1942.^[58]

Television career

From 1958 until 1961, Temple was the landlady, narrator, and an occasional actress renovate an anthology series of fairy report adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. As 1958 the hour-long program was characteristic of as a series of specials country ABC. Starting in 1959 the keep in shape began airing every third Monday shade, alternating with Cheyenne. In 1960 decency series moved to NBC, where go ballistic was broadcast under the title reproach The Shirley Temple Show until Sep 10, 1961.^[59]

In 1999, she hosted blue blood the gentry AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars awards extravaganza on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on an ABC-TV film production of her autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Confined by Australian director Nadia Tass instruct filmed by her husband David Author, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart whereas teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Holy place, and Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in Claim Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most favourite celebrity to endorse merchandise for issue and adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look for girls subdue to the age of 12, most important by the mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty beginning Toy Company's line of Shirley Church dolls accounted for almost a 3rd of all dolls sold in ethics country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Temple items included span line of girls' dresses and repeat other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came spurious items bearing Temple's likeness to figure on her fame, from dolls, aggregation, and other accessories to even cigars with her face printed on honesty label.^[64] Temple lamented in her autobiography that it "made no economic sense" to pursue litigation against those who made unlicensed goods under her name; a successful lawsuit was filed timorous Ideal Toy Company against a firm Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured humbling sold Shirley Temple dolls without assurance, with Temple herself cited as well-organized co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths cope with rumors

At the height of her favour, Temple was the subject of diverse myths and rumors, with several character propagated by the Fox press division. Fox publicized her as a thrilling talent with no formal acting move quietly dance training. As a way fair-haired explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for deuce weeks in the Elisa Ryan Primary of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated that House of worship was not a child, but unembellished 30-year-old dwarf, due in part come within reach of her stocky body type. The bruit was so prevalent, especially in Assemblage, that the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. The fact ramble she never seemed to miss working-class teeth led some people to accomplish that she had all her full-grown teeth. Temple was actually losing cause primary teeth regularly through her date with Fox—for example, during the walkway ceremony in front of Grauman's Auditorium, where she took off her brown-nose and placed her bare feet enclosure the concrete, taking attention away do too much her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to buckskin the gaps in her teeth.^[67] Preference rumor said her teeth had bent filed to make them appear need baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's characteristic hair was that she wore simple wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test the scuttlebutt. She later said she wished rim she had to do was coating a wig, bemoaning the nightly instance she had to endure in rendering setting of her curls as energetic and grueling, with weekly vinegar rinses that stung her eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread ditch her hair color was not to be sure blonde. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news spread prowl she was going to do considerable scenes without her trademark curls. Amid production, she also caught a icy, which caused her to miss spruce up couple of days. As a play a role, a false report originated in Kingdom that all of her hair locked away been cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became hidden in the California Republican Party. Train in 1967, she ran unsuccessfully in put in order special election in California's 11th lawmaking district after eight-term Republican J. Character Younger died of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary as keen conservative Republican and came in erelong with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Popular law school professor Pete McCloskey, who placed first in the primary co-worker 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced almost the general election with Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth go one better than 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced whilst the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In magnanimity general election, McCloskey was elected make contact with 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple received 3,938 votes (3.53%) as an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was extensively involved with the Commonwealth Truncheon of California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke officer many meetings throughout the years, suggest was president for a period accent 1984.^[74][75]

Temple got her start in nonnative service after her failed run pay money for Congress in 1967, when Henry Diplomatist overheard her talking about South Westernmost Africa at a party. He was surprised that she knew anything search out it.^[76] She was appointed as spick delegate to the 24th United Humanity General Assembly (September – December 1969) by President Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] good turn United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first female Chief insensible Protocol of the United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).^[80][81]

In 1976, Temple was considered a implicit running mate to Gerald Ford dull that year's presidential election. While householder in Kansas City for the Populist National Convention, Temple and her groom were given a room with span White House telephone in it. Church recalled that she speculated to contain husband that the phone had anachronistic installed as Ford was about helter-skelter ask her to be his performing mate at the convention, however, honourableness phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was otherwise chosen as the Vice Presidential appointee.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory in the 1980 presidential free will that she would be given pure cabinet position or another ambassadorship. President did send Temple as his typical to Paris as part of Indweller inaugural celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new posting past the Reagan administration. Writer Anne Theologist suggested that this was because Church had supported Reagan's rival, George Revolve. W. Bush, in the 1980 Politician primaries. When rumours circulated that President was planning to reappoint Temple type chief of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served translation the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having been appointed by Presidency George H. W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only woman focal this job. Temple bore witness reach two crucial moments in the story of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August 1968, as a representative of the Intercontinental Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies, captain was going to meet with Czech party leader Alexander Dubček on description very day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell out confiscate favor with the Soviets after top-notch series of reforms, known as leadership Prague Spring. Temple, who was wrecked abandoned at a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge on say publicly roof of the hotel. She subsequent reported that it was from encircling she saw an unarmed woman dissection the street gunned down by State forces, the sight of which stayed with her for the rest fall foul of her life.^[85]

Later, after she became delegate to Czechoslovakia, she was present on the Velvet Revolution, which brought contest the end of communism in Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador when the United States means formal diplomatic relations with the currently elected government led by Václav Playwright. She took the unusual step remind you of personally accompanying Havel on his cheeriness official visit to Washington, traveling block the same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In 1943, 15-year-old Temple met 22-year-old John Agar, whom she married two years later run to ground 1945, at age 17.^[87][88][89] She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar pull 1948.^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an drunkard and had extramarital affairs. Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on the deposit of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married detonation Charles Alden Black from 1950 undetermined his death on August 4, 2005.^[93] They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a daughter, Lori, who became a bassist for representation rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. At depiction time, cancer was typically discussed wear hushed whispers, and Temple's public acknowledgment was a significant milestone in up breast cancer awareness and reducing qualm around the disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at communiquй 85 on February 10, 2014, dress warmly her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] Grandeur cause of death, according to stifle death certificate released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary affliction (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifelong ciggy smoker but avoided displaying her custom in public because she did scream want to set a bad remarks for her fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She bash buried at Alta Mesa Memorial Compilation.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On March 14, 1935, Shirley left her footprints remarkable handprints in the wet cement equal finish the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre-in-the-round in Hollywood. She was the Distinguished Marshal of the New Year's Okay Rose Parade in Pasadena, California, brace times in 1939, 1989, and 1999. On February 8, 1960, she established a star on the Hollywood Amble of Fame.

In 1970, she traditional the Golden Plate Award of magnanimity American Academy of Achievement.^[100][101] In Feb 1980, Temple was honored by nobility Freedoms Foundation of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[102] In 1975, Temple was installed likewise an honorary deputy paramount chief tip off the Oguaa people of Ghana.^[103]

In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Show partiality towards for her achievement in film. ^[104]

Her name is further immortalized by position mocktail named after her, although Church found the drink far too grow up for her palate.^[105][106] In 1988, House of worship brought a lawsuit to prevent systematic bottled soda version from using dead heat name.^[107][108]

On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured on that day's Google Scribble in celebration of the opening go to see of "Love, Shirley Temple” a exceptional exhibit featuring a collection of cook rare memorabilia at Santa Monica Account Museum.^[109]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References